Literature, Metaphor, and the Foreign Language Learner Book

List of tables     x
List of boxes     xi
Acknowledgements     xii
Introduction     1
Reading a poem     1
Literature and literary theory     2
Literature and empirical research     5
Background to the research     6
Organization of the book     7
Writing a book about literature for an audience of L2 teachers     9
A note on the language     10
Literature in L2 teaching     11
Introduction     11
Arguments that also apply to literature     12
Literary texts are authentic     12
Literary texts are motivating     14
Literature makes learners focus on the form of the language     14
Literature helps learners to handle linguistic creativity     15
(Children's) literature contributes to intercultural understanding     16
Arguments that are specific to literature     17
Background to the arguments: Foregrounding     17
Stylistics     18
Reader response     20
Politically critical approaches     23
Empirical research     26
Online processing: Comprehension     26
Leisurelyprocessing: Interpretation     29
Leisurely processing: Evaluation and affective response     33
Conclusion     37
Metaphor and Literature     39
Introduction     39
Linguistic and conceptual metaphor     39
Linguistic metaphor     40
Conceptual metaphor     42
Metaphor in literature     46
Metaphor comprehension     46
Metaphor interpretation     50
Metaphor evaluation and other affective responses     54
Conclusion     58
Comprehension of Metaphor in Literature     59
Introduction     59
L1 metaphor comprehension     60
Conventionality and salience     61
Form of the metaphor     64
The role of conceptual metaphors     66
The role of context     67
L2 metaphor comprehension     68
L2 comprehension of metaphor in literature     72
Literal and metaphorical comprehension of metaphor in literature     72
Afterthought: Literal meaning revisited     79
Conclusion     82
Interpretation of Metaphor in Literature     83
Introduction     83
Metaphor interpretation     83
L1 and L2 metaphor interpretation     84
L1 and L2 interpretation of metaphor in literature     88
L2 metaphor interpretation studies     92
L2 recognition of patterns of metaphor     92
Patterns of metaphor in 'textoids'     94
CM awareness-raising and L2 recognition and interpretation of linguistic metaphor     98
The 'Woods' study     100
The 'Road' study     102
The Love/Life study     104
Discussion of the CM awareness-raising studies     105
Conclusion     106
Evaluation of Metaphor in Literature     109
Introduction     109
Metaphor and evaluation     110
Evaluation and schema refreshment     110
Evaluation and similarity     114
Evaluation and context     115
Evaluation and genre: Metaphor richness and clarity     116
Evaluation and teaching     117
The value of (metaphor in) literature in the L2 classroom     118
'Woods' evaluation study: What motivates L2 students' evaluations?     118
Teaching and evaluation: Metaphor awareness-raising and group-work discussion     122
Metaphor explicitness and the evaluation of short stories      126
The 'Night' evaluation study     127
The 'Carpathia' evaluation study     129
Conclusion     132
Metaphor: Curriculum, Methodology, and Materials     134
Introduction     134
Metaphor and the curriculum     135
Metaphor and methodology     140
Metaphor and materials     147
Conclusion     156
References     158
Index     169