Language And Education In Japan Book

List of Tables and Figures     ix
Acknowledgements     x
Series Editor's Preface     xii
Introduction     1
Significance of the study     4
Structure of the book     5
Framing the Study     9
Japan's diversity     9
Bilingual education in Japan     13
Theoretical framework     21
Critical ethnography     28
The process     30
Nichiei Immersion School     38
'Children must be international!'     41
Hands-on instruction     43
Listening to English, speaking Japanese     45
Japanese classes for developing higher-order thinking skills     49
The teacher's job     51
'This is a private school'     54
Junior high school     56
Zhonghua Chinese Ethnic School     59
Fostering Chinese identity     60
The teaching of Chinese culture     61
Traditional instruction     63
JSL and EFL     67
Active student participation     69
Education is politics - literally     72
Four generations in one school     73
A non-accredited school     78
Emphasis on Japanese in junior high school     80
Hal International School     83
'We are not a language school; we are a school'     85
F, S, and JNN     88
Parents as stakeholders     96
Japanese teachers as special subject teachers     98
'Fruit are the students'     101
Sugino Public Elementary School     104
JSL instruction     106
Student-centered learning     111
'A place to put a dresser': Subtractive bilingualism     114
School-wide academic underachievement     118
Social integration, linguistic assimilation     121
Midori Public Elementary School     124
JSL instruction     126
Bilingual instruction in the JSL class     129
Instruction in the homeroom class     133
The use of instructional materials     134
Language minority students in the homeroom class     136
Laissez-faire attitude     139
Parents     143
Imagined Communities, School Education, and Unequal Access to Bilingualism     145
Elite bilingualism     145
Subtractive bilingualism     153
Imagining an alternative future      163
Student bilingualism and identities     168
Older students' agency     174
Conclusion     177
Notes     183
References     189
Author Index     198
Subject Index     200