Kinesiology Foundations for PTAs and OTAs Book

	Preface	xi
	Organization of the Text	xii
	Features	xii
	Acknowledgments	xiii
	Reviewers	xiii
Part I	General Background Information
Chapter 1	Introduction to Kinesiology	3
	Introduction	4
	Anatomical Terms	4
	Directional Terms	6
	Terminology Used To Describe Size and Length	8
	Planes and Axes	10
	Key Concepts	12
	Bibliography	13
	Web Resources	13
	Review Questions	13
Chapter 2	Muscular Anatomy and Physiology	17
	Introduction	18
	Muscle Tissue	18
	Icroscopic Versus the Macroscopic Structure of Muscle	19
	Energy for the Muscle Contraction	25
	The Neuromuscular Junction	26
	The Sliding Filament Theory	27
	Key Concepts	29
	Bibliography	30
	Web Resources	30
	Review Questions	30
Chapter 3	Muscle Characteristics	35
	Introduction	36
	Characteristics of Muscle	36
	Naming Muscles	37
	Fiber-Type Arrangement	41
	Roles of Muscle	45
	Types of Muscular Actions	47
	The Length-Tension Relationship	50
	Key Concepts	51
	Bibliography	52
	Review Questions	52
Chapter 4	The Nervous System	55
	Introduction	57
	Organization of the Nervous System	57
	Tissue and Structure of the Nervous System	59
	Physiology of Neuron Function	61
	The Peripheral Nervous System	81
	Disability and Movement	89
	Key Concepts	90
	Bibliography	90
	Web Resources	91
	Review Questions	91
Chapter 5	Bone	99
	Introduction	100
	Purpose of Bone	100
	Structure of Bone	101
	Types of Bones	102
	Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone	104
	The Axial and Appendicular Skeleton	105
	Bone Landmarks	117
	Wolff's Law	117
	Key Concepts	117
	Bibliography	118
	Web Resources	118
	Review Questions	118
Chapter 6	Joint Structure	123
	Introduction	124
	Joint Classifications	124
	Structure of Diarthrodial Joints	130
	Muscle Movements Around a Plane or Axis	131
	Key Concepts	137
	Bibliography	137
	Web Resources	138
	Review Questions	138
Chapter 7	Muscle Mechanics and Arthrokinematics	143
	Introduction	144
	Lever Classes	144
	Anatomical Pulleys	148
	Length and Tension Relationships	149
	Force-Velocity Relationship	151
	Kinetic Chains	152
	Convex and Concave Relationships	152
	Key Concepts	155
	Bibliography	155
	Web Resources	155
	Review Questions	156
Part II	Muscles of the Axial Skeleton & Respiration
Chapter 8	The Head and Neck	163
	Introduction	164
	Major Landmarks of the Head and Neck	164
	Nervous Innervation	167
	Movement of the Head and Neck	169
	Stability of the Head and Neck	169
	Muscles of the Head and Neck	170
	Key Concepts	179
	Bibliography	179
	Review Questions	180
Chapter 9	The Lower Back	183
	Introduction	184
	Major Landmarks of the Lower Back	184
	Nervous Innervation	184
	Movement of the Lower Back	184
	Stability of the Lower Back	185
	Muscles of the Lower Back	187
	Key Concepts	191
	Bibliography	192
	Web Resources	192
	Review Questions	192
Chapter 10	The Abdominal Region	203
	Introduction	204
	Nervous Innervation	204
	Movement of the Abdominal Region	205
	Stability of the Abdominal Region	205
	Muscles of the Abdominal Region	207
	Key Concepts	213
	Bibliography	213
	Web Resources	213
	Review Questions	213
Chapter 11	Posture Assessment and Intervention	217
	Introduction	218
	Principles of Posture Evaluation	218
	Basic Postures	220
	Posterior View Assessment	224
	Posture Through the Life Span	225
	Intervention	226
	Key Concepts	227
	Bibliography	227
	Review Questions	228
Chapter 12	Respiration	231
	Introduction	232
	Phases of Respiration	232
	Major Thoracic Region Landmarks Associated with Respiration	233
	Nervous Innervation	235
	Movement of Respiration	236
	Muscles of Respiration	237
	Key Concepts	241
	Bibliography	241
	Web Resources	241
	Review Questions	242
Part III	Muscles of the Inferior Appendicular Skeleton
Chapter 13	The Hip Joint	249
	Introduction	250
	Major Landmarks of the Hip Joint	250
	Nervous Innervation	254
	Movement of the Hip Joint	256
	Stability of the Hip Joint	257
	Muscles of the Hip Joint	258
	Key Concepts	272
	Bibliography	272
	Web Resources	273
	Review Questions	273
Chapter 14	The Knee Joint	287
	Introduction	288
	Major Landmarks of the Knee Joint	288
	Nervous Innervation	291
	Movement of the Knee	292
	Stability of the Knee	292
	Muscles of the Knee Joint	296
	Key Concepts	301
	Bibliography	302
	Web Resources	302
	Review Questions	302
Chapter 15	The Ankle and Foot	309
	Introduction	310
	Major Landmarks of the Ankle and Foot	310
	Nervous Innervation	312
	Movements of the Ankle and Foot	313
	Stability of the Ankle and Foot	315
	Muscles of the Ankle and Foot	317
	Key Concepts	325
	Bibliography	325
	Web Resources	325
	Review Questions	326
Chapter 16	Gait	337
	Introduction	338
	Major Phases of Gait	338
	The Action of Joints During the Stance Phase	340
	The Action of Joints During the Swing Phase	341
	Muscle Action During the Stance Phase	342
	Muscle Action During the Swing Phase	342
	Abnormal Gait	343
	Key Concepts	344
	Bibliography	345
	Review Questions	345
Part IV	Muscles of the Superior Appendicular Skeleton
Chapter 17	The Shoulder Girdle	351
	Introduction	352
	Major Landmarks of the Shoulder Girdle	352
	Brachial Plexus	354
	Nervous Innervation	355
	Movement of the Shoulder Girdle	358
	Stability of the Shoulder Girdle	358
	Related Movements of the Shoulder Girdle and Shoulder Joint	360
	Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle	362
	Key Concepts	367
	Bibliography	367
	Review Questions	367
Chapter 18	The Shoulder Joint	375
	Introduction	376
	Landmarks of the Shoulder Joint	376
	Nervous Innervation	377
	Movements Around the Shoulder Joint	380
	Stability of the Shoulder Joint	380
	Muscles of the Shoulder Joint	383
	Key Concepts	391
	Bibliography	391
	Web Resources	391
	Review Questions	392
Chapter 19	The Elbow and Radioulnar Joints	401
	Introduction	402
	Major Landmarks of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints	402
	Nervous Innervation	405
	Movements of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints	407
	Stability of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints	408
	Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints	409
	Key Concepts	415
	Bibliography	415
	Web Resources	415
	Review Questions	415
Chapter 20	The Forearm and Wrist	425
	Introduction	426
	Major Landmarks of the Forearm and Wrist	426
	Nervous Innervation	427
	Movement of the Wrist	428
	Stability of the Wrist	429
	Muscles of the Forearm and Wrist	431
	Common Identification Components of the Wrist	436
	Key Concepts	436
	Bibliography	437
	Web Resources	437
	Review Questions	437
Chapter 21	The Hand	443
	Introduction	444
	Major Landmarks of the Hand	444
	Nervous Innervation	444
	Movement of the Hand	446
	Stability of the Hand	448
	Muscles of the Hand	449
	Key Concepts	466
	Bibliography	466
	Web Resources	466
	Review Questions	467
Chapter 22	Movement Analysis	471
	Introduction	472
	Phases of Movement: Throwing a Football	472
	Phases of Movement: Drinking a Cup of Coffee	476
	Key Concepts	479
	Bibliography	479
	Review Questions	479
	Glossary	481
	Index	495