ISScapades: The Crippling of America's Space Program: Apogee Books Space Series #59 Book

Preface     7
Acknowledgments     9
Abbreviations and Acronyms     10
Introduction: "...the next logical step" (1982 - 1984)     14
Space Station Task Force Initial Studies     15
Into the Lion's Den - The President Decides     15
The Plan to Proceed     16
Space Station Design Drivers     20
International Partners     22
Moving On - Management Decisions     24
Early Budget Controversies     26
First Reality Check - Problems and Solutions (April 1984 - December 1985)     29
Man-Tended or Permanently Manned?     29
Space Station Program Office Established - Phase B RFPs Released     31
Automation and Robotics Studies     32
Phase B Schedule     33
Budget Battles Begin     33
Work Package Contractors Selected     34
Space Station Operations Review     37
International Partners Sign Up     37
National Commission on Space     38
Reference Update Review     39
Potential Users Review Design     41
Beggs Resigns - Management Turmoil     42
The Baseline Configuration - Everyone on the Same Page? (January 1986 - April 1987)     45
The Challenger Accident     45
Management Changes and Design Reviews     46
James Fletcher Returns as Administrator     48
The Space Shuttle - A Potential Space Station Single Point Failure     49
Program Continues to Change     51
Phillips Report - Andrew Stofan Selected as Space Station Manager     52
Astronaut Gordon Fullerton Critical of Design     52
Fletcher Calls Time Out - CETF Formed     54
Stofan Organizes Washington Offices     57
Phased Program Task Force     59
Conflicts Continue with OMB and Congress     62
STS Modifications and Study of a Mixed Fleet     63
Replacing Challenger - More Studies - More Paper (April 1987 - January 1989)     67
GAO Disputes Runout Cost Estimates - Progress Made     68
Ride Report - Mission to Planet Earth     69
Mood in Congress Deteriorates     72
Space Station Operations Task Force     72
NASA Courts the Private Sector     74
Phase C/D Studies Begin - Cost Reductions Studied     74
President Reagan's Space Vision - Impact on Space Station     76
Rescoping - Rescheduling     78
James Odum Replaces Stofan - Progress Continues      79
New Administration - Same Congress     84
More Management Changes - Design Continues to Evolve (February 1989 - December 1990)     87
Fletcher Resigns - National Space Council Established     88
Truly Makes Management Changes - Problems Persist     90
President Bush Announces a Long-Range Space Program     92
New Space Station Management Team     93
Program Rephased     95
Amount of EVA Raises Concerns     96
New Problems Accentuate Congressional Oversight     101
Management Adjusts to Congressional Demands     102
Augustine Committee Report     103
Restructuring the Space Station (January 1991 - December 1992)     105
Effects of the Restructuring     108
Space Exploration Initiative and Science Community Issues     109
More Management Changes - Progress and Problems     111
SSAC Panel Reports on ACRV and Program Verification     113
Truly Resigns - Search for New Administrator     114
Daniel Goldin Takes Charge - Another New Direction     115
Russian Cooperation Explored     117
Space Station Budget Survives in Congress - More Progress     117
New Administration - New Program Changes     119
New Administration - Back to Square One (January 1993 - March 1994)     121
New Administration Guidelines - Redesign Ordered     121
Redesign Team Reports     124
President Clinton Selects Design Option - Congress Objects     126
Redesign Challenged - Goldin Appoints New Managers - JSC as Host Center     127
Administration Courts the Russians     129
Russian Partnership Changes Program - Congress Confused     130
New Space Station Implementation Plan     132
Congress Passes FY 1994 Budget - Questions and Concerns Rampant     133
Cooperative Agreement with Russia Signed - Critics Denounce Terms     135
Management Changes - Budget and Program Debates     137
System Design Review Completed - CBO Forecast     139
The International Space Station (Alpha) (April 1994 - December 1996)     143
International Partners Express Concern with Program Changes     144
SDR Results in New Cost Estimates - Congressional Reaction     144
Russian Agreement Modified - Program and Budget Concerns Continue     147
Russian Funding Transfers Become a Problem     149
Elections Bring Changes to Congress - Partners Add Changes     150
Progress, But Old Problems Persist     151
O'Connor Resigns - More Management Changes      155
Cost Runout Concerns - GAO Issues New Report - Program Changes Anger Experimenters     157
Inability of Russia to Deliver their Elements Continues - Spies in the Woodwork?     159
Assembly Begins - A New Star in the Evening Sky (January 1997 - January 1999)     160
Russian Service Module Continues to Slip - Assembly Schedule Changed     161
EVA Time and Mir Crew Safety Remain as Problems     164
Mir Decommissioning Creates New Problems - Added Costs     167
Assembly Sequence Changes - Schedule Delays Continue     168
FY 1999 Budget Hearings - Runout Costs Debated     169
Phase 1 Completed - New Launch Dates Announced     171
Runout Cost Estimates Unresolved - Hardware Delivered     172
First Elements Finally Launched - Budget Battles Continue     175
The Story Continues (1999 - 2005)     177
2000     179
2001     181
2002     185
2003     188
2004     190
2005     193
Who Was in Charge? - No One!     197
Modern Times in Washington     197
Program Oversight     199
NASA Top Management Turnover     200
Early Space Station Management Problems      201
NASA Attempts to Improve Program Management     201
Congressional and White House Control     202
NASA Administrators' Space Station Legacies     205
What Are the Lessons to be Learned?     209
NASA's Future     212
Privatize NASA Programs?     218
Selected Bibliography     221
Index     222