Irish Migrants in Britain, 1815-1914 A Documentary History Book

	List of Illustrations
	Acknowledgements
	General Introduction
Pt. 1	Migration
1.1	Destinations of Irish Emigrants outside Britain, 1851-1921	10
1.2	Percentage Distribution of Permanent Irish-Born Residents Living outside Ireland, 1851-1921	10
1.3	Distribution of the Irish-Born outside their Native Counties, 1851-71	11
2.1	The Condition of Agricultural Labourers in Ireland, 1836	11
2.2	Tenurial Arrangements in Ireland, 1845	12
2.3	Sub-Tenancy in Ireland, 1845	13
3.1	Extract from a Letter Written by James Halloran, an Irish Convict in Australia, to his Wife in 1840	14
3.2	Extract from a Letter Written by Mary Jane Adams of Geelong to her Brother in Portglenone, Co. Antrim, 27 December 1847	14
4.1	Disease in the Potato crop, 1845	15
4.2	The Famine: Conditions in Schull and Skibbereen	15
4.3	Famine Victims: Neglect of Burial, 1847	16
5.1	Exodus of the Celtic Races, 1852	17
5.2	The Emigrant's Farewell to Donegal	18
5.3	The Passage from Dublin to Liverpool 1833	18
5.4	Emigration to North America and the British Colonies, 1850	19
5.5	Crossing the Irish Sea, 1854	20
5.6	Exploitation of Irish Emigrants in Liverpool, 1850	22
5.7	Seasonal Migration from Mayo, 1893	23
5.8	Irish Migrants in Edwardian London	24
Pt. 2	Settlement
6.1	The Irish-Born Population of Britain, 1841-1911	31
6.2	The Distribution of the Irish-Born in Britain in 1841	32
6.3	The Distribution of the Irish-Born in Britain in 1861	33
6.4	The Distribution of the Irish-Born in Britain in 1891	34
6.5	The 'Top Twenty' Irish Towns in Britain, 1851-1871	35
7.1	The Glasgow Courier on Irish Immigration, 1827	35
7.2	James Phillips Kay on Irish Immigration, 1832	36
7.3	Thomas Carlyle on Irish Immigration, 1839	37
7.4	Frederick Engels on Irish Immigration, 1844	38
7.5	J.R. McCulloch on Irish Immigration, 1854	39
8.1	The Irish Quarter of St. Giles, London	40
8.2	'Little Ireland' in Manchester, 1844	41
8.3	An Irish Household in Caribee Island, Wolverhampton, in 1851	42
8.4	The Distribution of the Irish-Born in Selected Liverpool wards, 1841-51	43
8.5	An Irish Lodging House in Bangor, 1851	43
8.6	The Irish in Birmingham, 1872	44
Pt. 3	Employment
9.1	The Impact of Irish Labourers in West Cheshire, 1834	53
9.2	Irish Sugar-Workers in Greenock, 1836	54
9.3	Irish Textile-Workers in Paisley, 1836	54
9.4	Irish Railway Labourers in the 1840s	55
10.1	A Navvy's Life	56
10.2	Irish Tailors in London, 1849	57
10.3	Irish Costermongers in mid-Victorian London	58
10.4	The Occupational Profile of the Irish-Born in Leigh, 1851	59
10.5	Irish Employment in the Black Country, 1872	60
10.6	William Reynolds: A Prosperous Irish Migrant, 1901	61
10.7	The Economic Condition of the Irish in late-Victorian Liverpool	62
11.1	Irish Harvesters, 1836	63
11.2	Irish Reapers in Scotland, 1844	64
11.3	Irish Agricultural Workers in Scotland, 1862	64
11.4	Irish Agricultural Labourers in Lincolnshire, 1892	65
11.5	Irish Harvesters in Leicestershire, 1883	66
11.6	Irish Chicory workers in York, 1901	67
11.7	Irish Potato-pickers in Scotland, 1914	67
11.8	Reminiscences of Irish Harvesters in Oxfordshire	68
11.9	Occupational Profile of Irish-Born Workers in Scotland, 1911	69
Pt. 4	Social Conditions: Poverty, Health and Crime
12.1	State of the Irish Poor in Birmingham, 1834	80
12.2	Irish Migrants in Glasgow, 1847	81
12.3	Irish Migrants in York: the Case of the McAndrew Family, 1847	82
12.4	Charitable Relief, 1850	83
12.5	Irish Pauper Removals in London: the Case of Timothy Keife, 1854	83
12.6	Demands for the Removal of Irish Paupers from Liverpool 1854	85
12.7	Irish Paupers in Glasgow, 1854	86
12.8	Irish Pauper Immigration into Cardiff, 1854	87
12.9	The Chester Board of Guardians and Removal, 1855	88
12.10	Relief of the Irish Poor in Birmingham, 1895	90
12.11	Irish poverty in late-Victorian London	90
12.12	Reminiscences of a Leicester Childhood in the 1850s	92
12.13	Reminiscences of a Liverpool Childhood in the Early 1900s	92
13.1	The Irish and Public Health in Early Victorian Liverpool	94
13.2	Famine Migrants in Edinburgh, 1848	96
13.3	The Sanitary Condition of Irish Migrants in the Potteries, 1850	96
13.4	Typhus Fever in Gateshead	98
14.1	A Lodging-House in Church Lane, St. Giles, London in 1847	99
14.2	The Inhabitants of Church Lane, St. Giles, London, in the 1850s	100
15.1	Crime and the Irish, 1836	101
15.2	The Statistics of Irish Criminality	106
15.3	Irish 'Fences' in Glasgow, 1834	106
15.4	Saturday-Night Saturnalia in Glasgow	107
15.5	Policing the Irish District of Wolverhampton, 1848	108
15.6	Irish Juvenile Crime in Leicester, 1854	110
15.7	'Irish Cockneys' and Crime in London, 1862	111
Pt. 5	Catholicism, Protestantism and Sectarianism
16.1	A London Priest	123
16.2	Secular and Religious Instruction of Irish Navvies in Scotland, 1846	124
16.3	Father Mathew, the Apostle of Temperance	125
16.4	An Irish Temperance Meeting in London	126
16.5	An Irish Wake in Mountain Ash, South Wales, in the 1870s	127
16.6	Father Carroll in Merthyr	128
16.7	The Order of Our Lady of Mercy, 1862	128
16.8	St. Bridget's Confraternity, 1881	129
16.9	Irish Concert on St. Patrick's Day, 1885	130
16.10	St. Patrick's Church, Leicester, 1900	131
17.1	Intra-Communal Tensions in Edwardian Salford	132
17.2	Papal Aggression, 1850	133
17.3	The Stockport Riots, 1852	134
17.4	The Murphy Riots in Wolverhampton, 1867	136
17.5	Murphy Disturbances at North Shields, 1869	137
17.6	The Tredegar Riots, 1882	138
18.1	The Obligation of an Orangeman	140
18.2	Orangeism and Disorder in Scotland	140
18.3	The Need to Supress Orangeism	141
19.1	Sectarian Rivalries in Liverpool	142
19.2	An Orange Demonstration in Barrow, 1881	143
19.3	Circular Announcing the Formation of Celtic Football Club, 1888	145
19.4	'Bad Blood' between Rangers and Celtic, 1896	146
Pt. 6	Radical and Labour Movements
20.1	John Doherty's Grand Union of Operative Spinners, 1829	157
20.2	Aims of the National Association for the Protection of Labour, 1830	157
20.3	Patrick McGowan on Parliamentary Reform, 1832	158
20.4	Working-Class Interests, 1837	158
21.1	The People's Charter, 1838	159
21.2	Reflections on Feargus O'Connor	159
21.3	An Appreciation of Bronterre O'Brien, 1854	161
21.4	Daniel O'Connell Opposes Irish Involvement in Chartism, 1839	162
21.5	Cooperation between Irish Repealers and the Anti-Corn Law League	162
21.6	Bronterre O'Brien on the Parliamentary Franchise, 1839	163
21.7	Chartist Appeal to the London Irish, 1848	163
21.8	Cooperation between Chartists and Irish Confederates, 1848	164
21.9	Irish Confederate activity, 1848	165
22.1	The Organisation of Labour in the London Docks, 1889	165
22.2	The London Dock Strike, 1889: Cardinal Manning's Intervention	166
22.3	The London Dock Strike, 1889: The Dockers' Victory	167
22.4	Catholic Socialism in Glasgow, 1908	167
Pt. 7	Nationalism
23.1	The Act of Union, 1800	179
23.2	The Loyal National Repeal Association, 1842	180
24.1	The Chester Raid: A Fenian View	181
24.2	The Chester Raid: A Police View	182
24.3	Fenian Activity in Manchester, September 1867	183
24.4	The Manchester Martyrs	184
24.5	Fenian Agitation in England	185
24.6	Capture of American Fenians, 1887	186
25.1	The Political Potential of the Irish in England, 1872	188
25.2	Address to the Irish in Britain, 1885	189
25.3	Gladstone's Conversion' to Home Rule, December 1885-January 1886	190
25.4	Parnell on Irish Political Organisation in Britain, 1890	191
25.5	Irish Cultural Institutions in London, 1902	191
25.6	John Redmond on Home Rule and Rome Rule, 1913	194
Pt. 8	Unionism
26.1	Union or Separation, 1886	204
26.2	England's Case against Home Rule, 1886	205
26.3	Sir John Simon on Ulster Loyalism, 1912	206
26.4	Herbert Samuel on the Protestant Minority in Ireland, 1912	207
27.1	Ulster's Solemn League and Covenant, 28 September 1912	207
27.2	Sir Edward Carson's Arrival in Liverpool, 29 September 1912	208
27.3	Appeal by Carson to the Unionists of Liverpool	208
27.4	Carson on Apathy in England on Irish Home Rule, December 1912	209
27.5	Carson Affirms Unionist Resistance to Home Rule, June 1913	209
27.6	Bonar Law supports Ulster Resistance, 1913	210
27.7	A Call for a General Election, 1913	210
27.8	The Threat of Civil War in Ireland	210
	A Note on Primary Sources	213
	Bibliography	219
	Index	238