Immunology, immunopathology and immunity Book

	Preface	xix
I	Immunology	1
1	Introduction to Part I	3
	Immunity	3
	The Inflammatory Response	6
	Immunopathology (the Double-Edged Sword)	8
	Summary	8
	Bibliography	9
2	Cells of the Immune System	10
	The Blood and Lymphoid Systems	10
	Blood Cells	10
	Cellular Interactions in Immune Responses	24
	Hematopoiesis (Blood Formation)	25
	Summary	30
	Bibliography	30
3	Inflammation and Wound Healing	33
	The Inflammatory Process	33
	Acute Inflammation	35
	The Cells of Acute Inflammation	38
	Serum Protein Systems	54
	Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome	69
	Interrelationships of Inflammatory Cells and Protein Systems in Acute Inflammation	69
	Chronic Inflammation	71
	The Cells of Chronic Inflammation	71
	Cytokines in Chronic Inflammation	77
	Chemokines	80
	Apoptosis	83
	Wound Healing	85
	Review of Mediators of Inflammation	88
	Manifestations of Inflammation in Tissues	89
	Cytokines, Adhesion Molecules, and Growth Factors in Atherosclerosis	90
	Amyloidosis	91
	Alzheimer's Disease	95
	Summary	96
	Bibliography	96
4	All about B Cells	101
	B Cells and Antibodies	101
	Antibodies	101
	Immunoglobulin Structure	105
	Antibody-Antigen Reactions	117
	The B-Cell Receptor (BCR)	129
	Immunoglobulin Genes	131
	B-Cell Development	142
	Gene Rearrangements in Lymphomas and Leukemias	144
	Application of Antibody Technology to Therapy	145
	Summary	147
	Bibliography	147
5	All about T Cells and Induction of Immunity	150
	T Cells and the Immune Response	150
	The T-Cell Receptor	156
	T-Cell Activation	159
	The Major Histocompatibility Complex	170
	T-Cell-B-Cell Interactions, the MHC, and the Immune Response	174
	Prophylactic Immunization (Vaccination)	180
	Summary	191
	Bibliography	193
6	Lymphoid Organs	198
	The Lymphatic System: Vessels and Organs	198
	Lymphoid Organs: Structure and Function	201
	Development of Lymphoid Organs (Ontogeny)	225
	Summary	227
	Bibliography	227
II	Immunopathology and Immunity	233
7	Introduction to Part II	235
	Immunity, Immunopathology, Hypersensitivity, and Allergy	235
	Immune Effector Mechanisms	236
	The "Double-Edged Sword" of Immune Defense Mechanisms	238
	Bibliography	239
8	Inactivation and Activation of Biologically Active Molecules	240
	Mechanisms of Antibody-Mediated Inactivation and Activation	240
	Examples of Antibody-Mediated Inactivation and Activation	244
	Ligands, Receptors, and Idiotypes	260
	Neutralizing Antibodies: Cause and Effect	261
	Protective Functions of Inactivating (Neutralizing) Antibodies	262
	Summary	270
	Bibliography	270
9	Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Reactions	276
	The Mechanism of Cytolytic Reactions	276
	Immunohematologic Diseases	278
	Cytolytic Skin Diseases	291
	Other Cytotoxic Reactions	291
	Detection of Circulating Cytotoxic Antibodies	292
	Protective and Pathologic Effects in Infectious Diseases	293
	Summary	299
	Bibliography	299
10	Immune Complex Reactions	302
	Immune Complexes In Vivo	302
	The Arthus Reaction	302
	Serum Sickness	304
	Immune Complexes in Infectious Diseases	307
	Glomerulonephritis	308
	Vasculitis	318
	Rheumatic Fever	323
	Diffuse Connective Tissue Diseases	325
	Other Immune Complex Diseases	352
	Evaluation of Circulating Immune Complexes	353
	Summary	353
	Bibliography	353
11	Atopic and Anaphylactic Reactions (Allergy)	359
	Introduction	359
	Allergens	362
	Reaginic Antibody	363
	Anaphylaxis	367
	Atopic Allergy	369
	Asthma	370
	Atopic Reactions	375
	Urticaria and Angioedema	380
	Immunotherapeutic Modification of Atopic Allergy	383
	Pharmacologic Control of Atopic Reactions	387
	Treatment of Allergies	391
	Summary	394
	Bibliography	395
12	T-Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity	401
	Cell-Mediated Immunity	401
	T[subscript CTL], T[subscript DTH], and Natural Killer Cells	401
	Induction of T-Cell Immunity	404
	T[subscript CTL]-Cell Reactions in Vitro	405
	T[subscript CTL]-Cell Reactions in Vivo	406
	Summary	427
	Bibliography	427
13	Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity	431
	T[subscript DTH]-Cell Reactions: Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity	431
	T[subscript DTH]-Cell Activation and Superantigens	432
	Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Skin Reaction	434
	Cutaneous Basophil Hypersensitivity	436
	Transfer Factor	436
	Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity and Infection	437
	T[subscript DTH]-Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Disease	439
	Viral Encephalitis	443
	T[subscript CTL] and T[subscript DTH] Cells, Tuberculosis, and Leprosy	447
	Summary	448
	Bibliography	448
14	Granulomatous Reactions	452
	The Nature of Granulomas	452
	Granulomatous Diseases	455
	Summary	473
	Bibliography	473
15	Interplay of Inflammatory and Immunopathologic Mechanisms, Immune Defense, and Evasion of Immune Defense Mechanisms during Infection	478
	Nonimmune Inflammation	478
	Immune Inflammation	478
	Interaction of Immune and Nonimmune Inflammation	481
	Immune-Specific Protection against Infection	481
	Interaction of Immune Mechanisms in Some Infectious Diseases	488
	Evasion of Immune Defense Mechanisms	492
	Summary	505
	Bibliography	507
16	Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases	510
	The Skin Immune System	510
	Inactivation or Activation	513
	Cytotoxic or Cytolytic Reactions	515
	Immune Complex Reactions	517
	Anaphylactic Reactions	518
	Cell-Mediated Reactions	520
	Granulomatous Lesions	523
	Disorders of Coagulation	524
	Summary	524
	Bibliography	524
17	Immunoproliferative Diseases	528
	Leukemias and Lymphomas	528
	Maturation of Blood-Forming Cells and Leukemia	529
	Lymphoid Tissue Structure and Lymphoproliferative Disease	529
	Nonmalignant Lymphoproliferation	529
	Malignant Lymphomas	532
	Infections Associated with Lymphoproliferative Diseases	551
	Summary	551
	Bibliography	552
18	Immunodeficiency Diseases	556
	Immune Deficiencies and Infections	556
	Primary Immunodeficiencies	558
	Secondary Immunodeficiencies	573
	Opportunistic Infections	577
	Evaluation of Immunodeficiency	578
	Therapy	579
	Summary	586
	Bibliography	587
19	Immunology of AIDS	590
	Human Immunodeficiency Virus	590
	AIDS	598
	Summary	621
	Bibliography	623
20	Tumor Immunity	628
	History of Tumor Immunity	628
	Evidence for Tumor Immunity in Humans	628
	Carcinogenesis and Tumor Immunity	631
	Types of Tumor Antigens	632
	Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Destruction by the Immune System	638
	Immunosurveillance	642
	Immunodiagnosis of Cancer	647
	Immunotherapy of Cancer	662
	Summary	676
	Bibliography	676
Appendix 1	History of Immunopathology	685
Appendix 2	Evolution of Immunity (Phylogeny)	691
Appendix 3	Cluster-of-Differentiation Molecules	697
Appendix 4	Cytokines	717
Appendix 5	Clinical Immunology Tests	721
Appendix 6	Tables of Lymphoproliferative Diseases	727
	Index	731