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On June 20, 1900 the foreign legations at Peking were attacked by Boxers and Imperial Chinese troops, with the equivocal support of the Empress Dowager, Tz'u Hsi. The ensuing siege was to last for 55 days, and the news of it shook the world.
The Siege of the Legations was a landmark in the development of Modern China. It brought to a head the crisis in the Celestial Empire's relations with the outside world. Its outcome exacerbated the decline of the Empire and the Manchu dynasty which had ruled China since 1644.
Peter Fleming, epitome of the enlightened gentleman explorer, traveled extensively in China and Central Asia as a correspondent of The Times (London) early in the 1930s. He interviewed survivors of the siege, and his report is as vivid today as when first published.
This is an account of the siege which brought to a head the crisis in the Celestial Empire's relations with the outside world.
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Shamar Greene
reviewed History of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 1914-1989 on October 03, 2014
History of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
Buku ini memfokuskan kepada peristiwa yang berlaku apabila kawasan kedutaan asing di Peking,China,dikepung oleh pejuang bersenjata/pemberontak Boxer dan tentera kerajaan Dinasti Ch'ing atau Manchu yang bermula pada 20 Jun sehingga 15 Ogos 1900. Kawasan ini menempatkan beberapa pejabat kedutaan yang turut mengandungi pegawai-pegawai tinggi yang bertaraf duta dan kakitangan-kakitangan berkaitan. Perwakilan-perwakilan ini melibatkan negara-negara seperti yang berikut; Autria-Hungary,Belgium,British,Perancis,Itali,Jerman,Jepun,Belanda,Rusia,Sepanyol,dan Amerika Syarikat. Apabila dua orang pegawai tinggi perwakilan diplomatik dari Jepun dan Jerman dibunuh,menandakan bahawa kawasan kedutaan asing ini akan menjadi sasaran serangan. Turut terdapat sejumlah mubaligh Kristian dan orang awam China yang berpegang kepada agama Kristian tumpang berlindung. Hal ini kerana mereka menjadi sasaran atau mangsa di dalam Kebangkitan/Pemberontakan Boxer ini.
Walaupun bab-bab awal buku ini memaparkan serba sedikit sejarah latar belakang bagaimana bermulanya Kebangkitan/Pemberontakan Boxer,namun,seperti yang saya nyatakan di atas,buku ini lebih memfokuskan atau menceritakan situasi yang dihadapi oleh mereka yang dikepung. Menariknya,penulis turut mendedahkan konflik-konflik atau masalah-masalah kecil yang dihadapi ketika dalam kepungan.
Konflik yang seumpamanya ini turut dihadapi oleh kontinjen tentera antarabangsa yang dihantar untuk menyelamatkan mereka yang terkepung di Peking. Perasaan nasionalisme yang kuat dan keinginan yang tinggi untuk menjadi yang pertama sampai sebagai penyelamat telah menyebabkan koordinasi dan kejituan kuasa ketenteraan tidak dapat diaplikasikan secara optimum dan berkesan.
Penulisnya,Peter Fleming,menamatkan bukunya dengan membuat satu kesimpulan bahawa peristiwa bersejarah ini berakhir secara anti-klimaks. Walaupun terdapat mereka yang menjadi dalang utama dihukum,tetapi,akhirnya,Maharani Tz'u-Hsi,yang sebenarnya memainkan peranan paling penting,terlepas begitu sahaja.
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Add History of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 1914-1989, On June 20, 1900 the foreign legations at Peking were attacked by Boxers and Imperial Chinese troops, with the equivocal support of the Empress Dowager, Tz'u Hsi. The ensuing siege was to last for 55 days, and the news of it shook the world. The Siege , History of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 1914-1989 to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
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Add History of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 1914-1989, On June 20, 1900 the foreign legations at Peking were attacked by Boxers and Imperial Chinese troops, with the equivocal support of the Empress Dowager, Tz'u Hsi. The ensuing siege was to last for 55 days, and the news of it shook the world. The Siege , History of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 1914-1989 to your collection on WonderClub |
