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List of Figures and Tables xi
Understanding the Context of Student Substance Use and Abuse 1
What Are Substance Use and Abuse? 2
General Definitions 2
Medically Based Terminology and Criteria 3
Research on Student Substance Use and Abuse: National Data Sources and Major Use Categories 5
Experimental Substance Use 6
Substance Abuse 8
Substance Dependence 9
Substance Use and Abuse in Specific Student Populations 10
General Student Population and School Dropouts 10
Gender Differences 10
Differences among Racial and Ethnic Groups 12
Students with and without Disabilities 14
Federal Laws and School Policies Relevant to Student Substance Abuse 16
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act 16
Title 42 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Part 2 17
Zero Tolerance Policies 20
Case Example 21
Chapter Summary 23
Chapter Resources 23
Development and Maintenance of Substance Abuse 25
Why Do Some Students Abuse Substances? 25
Biologically Based Theories of SubstanceAbuse 26
The Disease Model 26
Brain Chemistry 27
Genetic Factors 28
Social Learning Theory of Substance Abuse 29
Social Learning, Behavioral, and Cognitive-Behavioral Theories 29
Substance Use as a Coping Skill 29
Modeling 30
Self-Efficacy Expectations 30
Risk and Protective Factors for Student Substance Abuse 31
Ecology of Risk and Protective Factors 31
Defining Risk and Protective Factors 32
Major Categories of Risk and Protective Factors 33
Case Example 39
Chapter Summary 42
Chapter Resources 42
Knowing Drugs of Abuse and Screening for a Substance Abuse Problem 44
Major Substances of Abuse 45
Depressants 45
Stimulants 50
Opioids 51
Club Drugs 52
Marijuana 53
Inhalants 54
Screening for a Substance Abuse Problem 55
Issues of Consent and Confidentiality 56
Defining Screening and Assessment for a Substance Problem 57
Establishing a Positive Working Relationship 58
Steps in the Screening Process 60
Is Screening Necessary? 60
Conduct a Screening 62
Decide on Need for Assessment 64
Follow-Up 65
Case Example 65
Chapter Summary 67
Chapter Resources 67
Prevention Programming 69
The Three Levels of Prevention Programming 69
Principles of Drug Abuse Prevention 71
Evaluating Research-Based Prevention Programs 73
Evaluation of a Universal Prevention Program: LifeSkills Training 74
Evaluation of a Selected (or Indicated) Prevention Program: Project Towards No Drug Abuse 75
Evaluation of an Indicated Prevention Program: Reconnecting Youth 77
Evaluation of a Tiered Program: Adolescent Transitions Program 79
Summary of Research-Based Prevention Programs 81
Evaluating the Drug Abuse Resistance Education Program 81
Evaluation Studies of D.A.R.E. 82
Core Elements of D.A.R.E. 83
Why Is D.A.R.E. So Popular? 84
Planning for Implementation of a Substance Abuse Prevention Program 85
What Is the Severity of the Problem? 86
Is the School Ready to Implement a Substance Abuse Prevention Program? 88
What Are the Existing Gaps in Services for Students? 91
In What Ways Can the School Collaborate with the Local Community? 91
Case Example 91
Chapter Summary 94
Chapter Resources 94
Individual Interventions Erin M. Ingoldsby David Ehrman 96
Types of Individual Interventions for Substance-Using Adolescents 97
How Are Substance-Using Adolescents Currently Treated? 98
Effectiveness of Current Interventions 104
Important Questions about Individual Interventions for Students 106
What Are the Essential Components of Student Interventions? 106
When Should a School Mental Health Professional Decide to Implement an Individual Intervention Plan? 106
What Is the School Professional's Role When the Student Is Receiving Treatment from an Outside Agency? 107
A Comprehensive Early Intervention Program 110
The Basis for Our Intervention Program 112
A Brief Adolescent-Focused, School-Based Intervention for Substance Use 113
Special Issues in Intervening with Substance-Using Students 122
Case Example 124
Chapter Summary 126
Chapter Resources 127
Group Interventions 130
Types of Group Interventions 130
Psychoeducational Groups 131
Support Groups 131
Self-Help Groups 132
Therapy Groups 133
Understanding the Developmental Process of Groups 133
Initial Stage 134
Transition Stage 136
Working Stage 137
Termination Stage 137
A Note about Group Stages 138
Group Leadership Skills 138
Basic Counseling Skills 139
Modeling Desired Behaviors 142
Confrontation 142
Working with Resistant Members 143
Cultural Awareness and Competency 145
Practical Considerations of Group Work in Schools 147
Developing a Group Plan 147
Group Logistics 151
Confidentiality 154
Member Goals 156
Support from the Larger System 157
Specific Issues for Substance-Abuse-Related Groups 157
Case Example 158
Chapter Summary 160
Chapter Resources 160
Consultation and Referral Claudia G. Vincent 163
Overview of the Key Features of the Consultation and Referral Process 164
Practical Steps for Non-School-Based Service Delivery 166
Identifying the Need for Community-Based Services 166
Gathering Critical Pieces of Information to Shape an Action Plan 170
Locating Available Resources 177
Matching Available Services with a Student's Needs 179
Putting It All Together 186
Considering Financial Responsibilities 188
Building and Maintaining a Systemic Referral Process 189
Team-Based Approach 190
Mutual Education 190
Responsiveness to Existing Policies 190
Case Example 191
Chapter Summary 193
Chapter Resources 194
References 195
Index 205
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Add Helping Students Overcome Substance Abuse: Effective Practices for Prevention and Intervention, Unique in its coverage of both prevention and intervention, this book provides evidence-based strategies and ready-to-use tools for addressing substance abuse in middle and high school settings. Readers learn ways to identify students at risk and implemen, Helping Students Overcome Substance Abuse: Effective Practices for Prevention and Intervention to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
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Add Helping Students Overcome Substance Abuse: Effective Practices for Prevention and Intervention, Unique in its coverage of both prevention and intervention, this book provides evidence-based strategies and ready-to-use tools for addressing substance abuse in middle and high school settings. Readers learn ways to identify students at risk and implemen, Helping Students Overcome Substance Abuse: Effective Practices for Prevention and Intervention to your collection on WonderClub |