Hate Crimes : New Social Movements and the Politics of Violence Book

	Acknowledgments
1	Introduction
	The Social Problem of Hate-Motivated Violence	3
	Social Problems and Victimization	5
	Social Movements and Collective Action Frames	8
	New Institutionalism and the Diffusion of Cultural Forms	10
	Empirical Focus and Data Collection	13
	Method of Analysis	15
	Overview of the Book	16
2	New Discourse on Violence and the Production of Hate Crimes
	A History of Violence	21
	The Convergence of New Social Movements	22
	SMOs and Newfound Attention to an Old Problem	31
	The Politics of Violence and Attendant Legal Transformations	36
	The Extension of Victim Status to Multiple Constitutences	44
3	Discovering and Expanding the Domain
	Antigay and Lesbian Violence	49
	The Establishment of Gay- and Lesbian-Sponsored Antiviolence Projects	50
	Coalition-Building around Intolerance	55
	Discovering and Documenting Violence	59
	Publicizing and Epidemic of Antigay and Lesbian Violence	65
	Expanding the Domain of the Problem	69
4	Framing the Problem
	Data Collection and Beyond	75
	Crisis Intervention and Victim Assistance	77
	A New Form of Sexual Terrorism	80
	Educational Campaigns	88
	Street Patrols	101
	The Missing Gender	103
	Domain Expansion and Framing	105
5	Contemporary Antiviolence Against Women Campaigns
	The Feminist Movement's Historic Focus on Violence	111
	Defining the Organizational Field	113
	State Coalitions	114
	National Organizations	128
	The Institutionalization of Structured Lines of Communication	132
	Setting the Stage for Innovation and Diffusion of Cultural Forms	135
6	Innovation and Diffusion of the Violence Against Women Act
	Innovation and Diffusion of Cultural Forms	139
	Violence Against Women, Feminism, and the Law	141
	The Violence Against Women Act as an Innovative Idea	144
	A Key Element in the Institutional Environment	151
	At Play in the Field of Law	157
	Diffusion of a Policy Pedigree	163
7	Hate Crime as a Social Problem: Theoretical Implications
	The Discovery of Victims and the Criminalization of Injuries	171
	Moving Beyond Hate: Theoretical Implications	173
App. A	Gay- and Lesbian-Sponsored Antiviolence Projects in the United States	183
App. B	An Overview of the Organizational Field	187
	References	189
	Statutes Cited	207
	Index	208