Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Third Edition Book

I: Skin Types. Biophysical characteristics of the skin: Relation to race, sex, age and site. Functional map and age-related differences in the human face: nonimmunologic contact urticaria induced by hexyl nicotinate. The Baumann Skin Type Indicator: A Novel Approach to Understanding Skin Type. Ethnic Differences in Skin Properties: The Objective Data. Sensitive Skin: Sensory, Clinical and Physiological Factors. Neurophysiology of Self-perceived Sensitive-Skin Subjects by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Tests for Sensitive Skin. II: Skin Hydration. Mechanisms of Skin Hydration. Hydrating substances. Skincare Products. Tests for Skin Hydration. Skin capacitance imaging. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy for in vivo skin hydration measurement. III: Skin barrier and pH. Correlation between TEWL and percutaneous absorption. Role of calcium in the regulation of skin barrier homeostasis. Percutaneous penetration enhancers: an overview. Tests for skin protection: barrier effect. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of skin lipid structure. Human skin buffering capacity: an overview. Skin pH and skin flora. IV: Skin aging and sun care products. Skin aging: the causative factors. A Quantitative Approach to Age and Skin Structure and Function: Protein, glycosaminoglycan, water, and lipid content and structure. Glycation end products. Spectrophotometric Intracutaneous Analysis. The Visioscan-driven ULEV and SELS methods. New trends on antiwrinkle products: an overview. Antioxidants. UV Filters. Sun protection and sunscreens. Sun and after-sun products. Skin care products: Artificial tanning. Reconstructed human skin and skin organ culture models used in cosmetic efficacy testing. V: Skin perception. Skin feel agents. Silicones: a key ingredient in cosmetic and toiletry formulations. Sensory effects and irritation: a strong relationship. Decorative Products. Skin radiance measurement. Tribological Studies on Skin: Measurement of the Coefficient of Friction. Skin wettability and friction. VI: Skin Tolerance. Safety terminology. Classification of irritant contact dermatitis. Principles and mechanisms of skin irritation. Mechanism of skin irritation by surfactants and anti-irritants for surfactant-based products. In vivo irritation. Noninvasive clinical assessment of skin irritation/inflammation. Detecting skin irritation using enhanced visual scoring: A sensitive new clinical method. Sodium lauryl sulfate-induced irritation in the human face: regional and age related differences. Irritation differences between genital and upper arm skin and the effects of emollient application. Ethnicity as a Possible Endogenous Factor in Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Comparing the Irritant Response Among Caucasians, Blacks, and Asians. In vitro skin irritation testing on SkinEthic TM reconstituted human epidermis: reproducibility for 50 chemicals tested with two protocol. Reconstructed corneal and skin models. Sea Water Salts: Effect on inflammatory skin disease. Allergy and hypoallergenic products. Operational definition of a causative contact allergen–a study with 6 fragrance allergens. Anti-itch testing (antipruritics). Comedogenicity in Rabbit: Some cosmetic ingredients/vehicles. VII: Targeted Cosmetics. Skin Whitening products. Skin Whitening: new Hydroquinone combination. Anti-cellulitis products. Baby care products. Cosmetics for the elderly. Antiperspirants. Deodorants. Revulsive products: way of action and evaluation of their efficacy. Cooling ingredients and their mechanism of action. Oral Cosmetics. Hair conditioners. Hair measurement. The Normal Nail. Nail Cosmetics. VIII: Cosmetics vehicle. Surfactants: Classification. Encapsulation to deliver topical actives. Elastic Vesicles as Topical/Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers' Effect on Chemical Partition Coefficient between Powdered Human Stratum Corneum and Water. IX: Ethics and Regulations. General concepts of ethics in human testing. Values and limitations of bioengineering measurements. The current EU regulatory context. Recent changes in the US regulatory context.