Gay life in the former USSR Book

	Acknowledgments
	A Note on Translation, Transliteration, Typography, and the Use of Russian
	Introduction: Fraternity Versus Community in the Soviet Gay World	3
Ch. 1	Constructing Social Institutions for a Soviet Gay Theory	11
I	Definition and Delineation of Community	13
II	Sexuality and Community Institutions	28
III	Institutions, Community, and the State in the USSR	32
Ch. 2	Employing Social Research Methods for a Soviet Gay Studies	39
I	Participant Observation	40
II	Unstructured Interviews	40
III	Survey Research & Data Analyses	41
Ch. 3	The Individual-Level Institutions of Soviet Gay Identity	69
I	Defining Identity and Identification	70
II	The Extent and Types of Identification	75
III	The Development of Homosexual Identities	79
Ch. 4	Ecological-Level Institutions as Soviet Gay Places	87
I	Public Places Appropriated for Gay Purposes	89
II	Semi-Private and Partly-public Places Subverted for Gay Uses	101
III	Private Places Fashioned to Accommodate Gay Needs	108
IV	Gay Places in the Soviet Gay World	111
Ch. 5	Group-Level Institutions and Soviet Gay Politics	117
I	Legal Restrictions on Homosexual Activity ("Sodomy")	117
II	Societal Attitudes Toward Homosexuality	124
III	The Prospects for Gay Political Activism in the USSR	126
IV	Gay and Lesbian Organizations in the Soviet Union	129
	Conclusion: Fraternity Without Community in the Soviet Gay World	137
I	Distinguishing Fraternal Institutions from Communal Ones	139
II	Secret Individual-Level Interaction Allows for Soviet Gay Fraternity	141
III	Thwarting Group-Level Interaction Prevents Soviet Gay Community	142
IV	Constricted Development and the Lack of Soviet Gay Community	146
V	Directions for Future Research	147
	Afterword: On the Development of Fraternity and Community in the Former Soviet Union	149
	I: English-Language Sources	177
	II: Russian-Language Sources	197
	Index	201