Fundamentals of Physics - Part 2 Book

12 EQUILIBRIUM AND ELASTICITY.

12-1 What Is Physics?

12-2 Equilibrium.

12-3 The Requirements of Equilibrium.

12-4 The Center of Gravity.

12-5 Some Examples of Static Equilibrium.

12-6 Indeterminate Structures.

12-7 Elasticity.

REVIEW & SUMMARY.

QUESTIONS.

PROBLEMS.

13 GRAVITATION.

13-1 What Is Physics?

13-2 Newton’s Law of Gravitation.

13-3 Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition.

13-4 Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface.

13-5 Gravitation Inside Earth.

13-6 Gravitational Potential Energy.

13-7 Planets and Satellites: Kepler’s Laws.

13-8 Satellites: Orbits and Energy.

13-9 Einstein and Gravitation.

REVIEW & SUMMARY.

QUESTIONS.

PROBLEMS.

14 FLUIDS.

14-1 What Is Physics?

14-2 What Is a Fluid?

14-3 Density and Pressure.

14-4 Fluids at Rest.

14-5 Measuring Pressure.

14-6 Pascal’s Principle.

14-7 Archimedes’ Principle.

14-8 Ideal Fluids in Motion.

14-9 The Equation of Continuity.

14-10 Bernoulli’s Equation.

REVIEW & SUMMARY.

QUESTIONS.

PROBLEMS.

15 OSCILLATIONS.

15-1 What Is Physics?

15-2 Simple Harmonic Motion.

15-3 The Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion.

15-4 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion.

15-5 An Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillator.

15-6 Pendulums.

15-7 Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion.

15-8 Damped Simple Harmonic Motion.

15-9 Forced Oscillations and Resonance.

REVIEW & SUMMARY.

QUESTIONS.

PROBLEMS.

16 WAVES—I.

16-1 What Is Physics?

16-2 Types of Waves.

16-3 Transverse and Longitudinal Waves.

16-4 Wavelength and Frequency.

16-5 The Speed of a Traveling Wave.

16-6 Wave Speed on a Stretched String.

16-7 Energy and Power of a Wave Traveling Along a String.

16-8 The Wave Equation.

16-9 The Principle of Superposition for Waves.

16-10 Interference of Waves.

16-11 Phasors.

16-12 Standing Waves.

16-13 Standing Waves and Resonance.

REVIEW & SUMMARY.

QUESTIONS.

PROBLEMS.

17 WAVES—II.

17-1 What Is Physics?

17-2 Sound Waves.

17-3 The Speed of Sound.

17-4 Traveling Sound Waves.

17-5 Interference.

17-6 Intensity and Sound Level.

17-7 Sources of Musical Sound.

17-8 Beats.

17-9 The Doppler Effect.

17-10 Supersonic Speeds, Shock Waves.

REVIEW & SUMMARY.

QUESTIONS.

PROBLEMS.

18 TEMPERATURE, HEAT, AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.

18-1 What Is Physics?

18-2 Temperature.

18-3 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.

18-4 Measuring Temperature.

18-5 The Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales.

18-6 Thermal Expansion.

18-7 Temperature and Heat.

18-8 The Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids.

18-9 A Closer Look at Heat and Work.

18-10 The First Law of Thermodynamics.

18-11 Some Special Cases of the First Law of Thermodynamics.

18-12 Heat Transfer Mechanisms.

REVIEW & SUMMARY.

QUESTIONS.

PROBLEMS.

19 THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.

19-1 What Is Physics?

19-2 Avogadro’s Number.

19-3 Ideal Gases.

19-4 Pressure, Temperature, and RMS Speed.

19-5 Translational Kinetic Energy.

19-6 Mean Free Path.

19-7 The Distribution of Molecular Speeds.

19-8 The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas.

19-9 Degrees of Freedom and Molar Specific Heats.

19-10 A Hint of Quantum Theory.

19-11 The Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas.

 REVIEW & SUMMARY.

QUESTIONS.

PROBLEMS.

20 ENTROPY AND THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.

20-1 What Is Physics?

20-2 Irreversible Processes and Entropy.

20-3 Change in Entropy.

20-4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics.

20-5 Entropy in the Real World: Engines.

20-6 Entropy in the Real World: Refrigerators.

20-7 The Efficiencies of Real Engines.

20-8 A Statistical View of Entropy.

REVIEW & SUMMARY.

QUESTIONS.

PROBLEMS.

APPENDICES.

A The International System of Units (SI).

B Some Fundamental Constants of Physics.

C Some Astronomical Data.

D Conversion Factors.

E Mathematical Formulas.

F Properties of the Elements.

G Periodic Table of the Elements.

ANSWERS to Checkpoints and Odd-Numbered Questions and Problems.

INDEX.