Europe in the Contemporary World: 1900 to Present: A Narrative History with Documents Book

Preface for Instructors
Introduction for Students

1. IMPERIAL EUROPE AT THE DAWN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Europe's Peoples and Nations in the Global Order
Prosperity for States and Society Great Britain: Greatest of the European Powers France: Britain's Rival and Germany's Enemy Germany: Europe's Rising Star Austria-Hungary: The Clash of Ethnicities Russia: The Imperial Colossus The Ottoman Empire: Sick Man of Europe?
Society in the Age of Empire
Social and Cultural Influence of Empire Daily Life and Leisure Time
Europe in an Age of Migration
Changing Families and Family Economies Regional Migration and Urbanization Global Migration
Nationalism and the Evolving Nation State
The Growth of Nationalist Feeling The Nation-State Versus the Ethnic Nationalism of Minorities The Growth of Militant Nationalism
Empires in Jeopardy
Conflict and Conquest in Africa The Russian and Ottoman Empires in Crisis
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
Migrant Life in 1900
1.1 Marie-Catherine Gardez Santerre, Oral history, early 1970s
Imperial Dreams, Imperial Realities
1.2 Rudyard Kipling, "The White Man's Burden," 1899
1.3 Lothar von Trotha, writings from October, 1904. Proclamation and @a=Accompanying Letters to Troops and to General Staff
Japan's Challenge to the West
1.4 Count Shigenobu Okuma, "The Rise of Japan Was Not Unexpected," 1904

PICTURE ESSAY:
Europe's Global Aura in an Age of Nationalism
Aristocrats on the Grand Tour in Egypt; Boy in a sailor suit; White Tea Party in India with Native Retinue; Advertisement for Pears' Soap; European dress influenced by Asian fashions; Immigrants at Ellis Island.

2. MODERNITY AND THE UNSETTLING OF EUROPE, 1900-1914
The Many Faces of Modernity
Modern Technology Life in the Modern City Gender Roles and Sexual Life
Modernity and the Rise of Mass Politics
Working-Class Politics Feminists on the March
The Arts and Philosophy Embrace Modernity
Innovation in the Arts Modernism in Thought
The Road to War
Military Buildup amid Shifting Alliances Internal Problems of the Great Powers Balkan and Great Power Instability
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
The Automobile
2.1 Anthony Rhodes, Louis Renault. A Biography, 1969
2.2 "Motorwagen," article, 1909
2.3 "Camping" newspaper article in Allgemeine Automobil-Zeitung, 1914
The Struggle for Women's Suffrage
2.4 Emmeline Pankhurst, My Story, 1914
Elites and the Spiritual Future of Europe
2.5 F. W. Marinetti, "Manifesto of Futurism" 1909
2.6 Wassily Kandinsky, Concerning the Spiritual in Art, 1911

PICTURE ESSAY:
Cross-Cultural Borrowing in Modern Art
Picasso, Desmoiselles d'Avignon; "Head" by Amedeo Modigliani; Constantin Brancusi, Sculpture; Gustav Klimt, Embrace of Isis and Osiris; Paula Modersohn-Becker, Portrait; "Primitive" from Sacre du Printemps.

3. WORLD WAR I AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, 1914-1922
World War I Begins
The Opening Battles War Aims and the Struggle for Victory, 1915-1916
The Soldier's War
The Home Front
Politics End Propaganda and Censorship War Transforms Society
From War Fever to Revolution
Containing Revolt during Wartime The Russian Revolution Civil War Begins in Russia
The Great War Ends
The Struggle to End the War Making Peace in the Midst of Revolution
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
War and the Individual
3.1 Johannes Haas, Letter, 1915
3.2 Khan Mahomed Khan, Letter, October 11, 1917
3.3 Maria Luisa Perduca, A Hospital Year, 1917
Lenin's April Theses: A Program for Immediate Action
3.4 V.I. Lenin, "April Theses," 1917
The Mandate System
3.5 Articles 22 and 23 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, 1920

PICTURE ESSAY:
The Home Front
Women coke workers; Poster of Teutonic Knight; The Gentle German (poster); Red Cross or Iron Cross?; A Republican barricade in Dublin; Greek refugees from Turkey.

4. A WORLD TRANSFORMED, 1920-1929
The Search for Stability
An Unsettled Peace The Weimar Experiment New Nations in Eastern and Southeastern Europe Political and Economic Recovery in Great Britain and France
Society Recovers
Remembering the Great War From Wartime to Peacetime Productivity Social Change in the Postwar Years Leisure and Consumerism
Resurgence of Empire in an Age of Unrest
A Growing Imperial Appetite Postwar Imperial Policies and Colonial Upheaval Mass Resistance Grows
An Age of Extremes
Utopias and Dystopias Utopian Dreams in the Soviet Union Fascist Triumph in Italy
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
Hitler and Fascism
4.1 Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf 1925-1926
Gandhi's Attack on European Civilization
4.2 Mohandas Gandhi, "The Inwardness of Non-Co-operation" 1920
4.3 Mohandas Gandhi, "Answers to Drew Pearson's Questions" 1924
Love and Sexuality in Postwar Society: The Communist Case
4.4 Aleksandra Kollontai, "Make Way for Winged Eros," 1923

PICTURE ESSAY:
Building the Future
Underground fixture; Moscow Metro; Vienna worker housing; German worker housing; Bungalow; Stockholm Public Library.

5. FACING GLOBAL ECONOMIC DEPRESSION, 1929-1939
Crash and Depression
The Depression Comes to Europe Pressures on Society The Impact Abroad
The Triumph of Dictatorship
Hitler's Rise to Power Nazi Doctrine The Nazi Regime in Action Persecution of Jews and the Flight from Terror The USSR under Stalin: Collectivization, Modernization, Urbanization, and Culturalization
The Democracies Search for Solutions
Britain and France Defend Democracy Sweden Builds a Welfare State Cultural Leaders Take Action
The Road to Global War
Surging Global Imperialism: Japan, Italy, and Germany The Spanish Civil War Hitler Conquers Central Europe
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
Sweden's Battle for Population
5.1 Alva Myrdal, Nation and Family: The Swedish Experiment in @h=Democratic Family and Population Policy, 1941.
The Secret Poetry of Stalinism
5.2 Anna Akhmatova, "Requiem," 1930s-1960s
Japan on the Move
5.3 Draft of Basic Plan for Establishment of Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 1942

PICTURE ESSAY:
The Machine, the Military, and the Masses
The Tiller Girls; Women's League of Health and Beauty; Exercising British Women; Nazi Pomp; Soviet Women Marchers; Boy Scouts in Vienna; Fascist Blackshirts in Italy.

6. THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE COLLAPSE OF EUROPE, 1939-1945
Rapid Victories
The German Onslaught The Expansion of War and Operation Barbarossa War Opens in the Pacific The Grand Alliance
A War Against Civilians
Occupation and Collaboration Holocaust
Militarizing Nation and Empire
Societies in Wartime Impact of the War Overseas Men in Combat Resistance
The World War Ends and the Cold War Begins
The Axis on the Defensive Surrender in Europe and the Defeat of Japan The Emergence of the Superpowers Toward the Cold War
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
The War Against Civilians
6.1 London Diary (anonymous), 1941
6.2 V. S. Kostrovitskaia, Diary, January 1942, April 1943
Literature of the Holocaust
6.3 Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Weczler, "Auschwitz Observed," U.S. War Refugee Board, 1944
6.4 Nelly Sachs, "Already Embraced by the Arm of Heavenly Solace"
World War II and Human Rights
6.5 United Nations, "Universal Declaration of Human Rights," 1948

PICTURE ESSAY:
World War II Propaganda and Modern Racism
Juden Komplot poster; Poster for the female wing of the Hitler Youth; German propaganda cartoon; Hitler as mouse cartoon; Anti-Japanese cartoon of Tojo; "Together," Allied propaganda poster; "Friend or Foe? How to know," diagram.

7. DEVASTATED EUROPE IN AN AGE OF COLD WAR, 1945-1963
Cold War and the New World Politics
Europe in Ruins The Cold War Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan The Battle for Germany
Bringing Order to Postwar Europe
Restoring Government Postwar Society: Women and Refugees The Revival of Stalinism
Restoring Cultural Values
Contested Memories From Holocaust to Hope Existentialism and the Politics of Commitment
The Deepening Cold War
The Arms Race Cold War Culture Toward Nuclear Holocaust
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
The Soviet Ambassador Appraises the U.S., 1946
7.1 Nikolai Novikov, Report to Foreign Minister Molotov, September 27, 1946
"What is Woman?... She Is The Other"
7.2 Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, 1949
The Purges in Czechoslovakia
7.3 Official Account of the trial of Dr. Milada Horáková, 1950
7.4 Milda Horáková, Letter to her daughter before execution, 1950

PICTURE ESSAY:
Cold War Media and the Struggle of Good versus Evil
"Candy-Bomber"; "Escapee across the Berlin Wall"; Soviet Era Kitsch; Still from Goldfinger; Soviet anti-American Cartoon; American anti-Soviet Cartoon; Peace March and Peace Symbol.

8. THE REBIRTH OF PROSPERITY AND THE RISE OF THE WELFARE STATE IN THE 1950S AND EARLY 1960S
The Welfare State
Enacting Social Programs The Welfare State at Work
Economic Revival East and West
The Common Market Rebuilding the East European Economy The Rise of the Technocrats
The Politics of Prosperity
Revolt and Reform in the Soviet Sphere Cultural Thaw Leads to Further Revolt Conservative Politics in Western Europe in the 1950s
The Rebirth of Consumerism
Europe Goes Shopping The Perils and Possibilities of Americanization Cultural Consumption
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
Childhood in the British Welfare State
8.1 Carolyn Kay Steedman, Landscape for a Good Woman, 1986
The Myth of Classlessness
8.2 Milovan Djilas, The New Class, 1957
Teen Culture in the Soviet Union
8.3 D. Belyaev, "Stilyaga," 1949

PICTURE ESSAY:
European Consumerism in the 1950s and 1960s
French refrigerator advertisement; Motorbike; Big TV console with built-in hi-fi; Coca-Cola ad; "Youth and beauty is marvelous" Dermilux ad; ad for luxury chocolate; models in plain Soviet fashions.

9. POST-IMPERIAL EUROPE, CA. 1947 TO 1980
Decolonization
The Legacy of War Ending the Empire in Asia The Quest for Autonomy in North Africa and the Middle East Decolonization in Sub-Saharan Africa
Europe's Empire Comes Home
Refugees and Guest Workers Civil Rights and Ethnic Politics
A New Society
Social Policy for Migrants Immigrant Communities Domestic Life and Gender Roles
Culture After Colonization
Decolonizing the Mind A New Burst of Cultural Mixture
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
Nasser Faces Off with Imperial Europe
9.1 Gamal Abdul Nasser, Speech September 15, 1956
Racial Difference in Postwar Germany
9.2 Abena Adomako, Memoir
A Powerful Voice of Decolonization
9.3 Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, 1961

PICTURE ESSAY:
The Changing Face of Europe
Exiled Moluccans; Woman in Brixton Market; Indian Man at Cinema; Turkish Émigré Showing Handmade Lace; Conservative Party election Poster; Muslims at Prayer in Marseilles, France; Kaiserslautern Soccer Stars.

10. POST-INDUSTRIAL EUROPE AND ITS CRITICS, 1965-1979
The Technology Revolution
The Information Age: Television and Computers The Space Age Revolutions in Biology, Reproductive Technologies, and Sexual Behavior
Postindustrial Economy and Society
Multinational Corporations The New Worker: the Rise of the Service Sector Women in the Post-Industrial Economy The Boom in Research and Education The Redefined Family
An Age of Protest and Reform
Student Protest Feminism
1968: Year of Crisis in Western and Eastern Europe
Attacking and Defending an Eroding Status Quo
Oil Crisis and Stagflation Troubled U.S. Leadership Repression and Dissent in the Soviet Bloc
Alternative Politics
Environmentalism and the Green Party Political, Ethnic, and Religious Violence
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
The Post-Industrial Worker and Family Life
10.1 A Day in the Life of a White-Collar Worker in Budapest, 1970s
Gay Liberation
10.2 Gay Liberation Front: Manifesto, 1971, revised 1978
The "Green" Analysis
10.3 Petra Kelly, Fighting for Hope, 1983

PICTURE ESSAY:
Politics in the Streets
London anti-Vietnam war demonstrator; Women demonstrators in Turin; "Don't be sheep" poster; May Day parade in Prague; Dancing on the Silos; A student felled by a flic; Che Guevara.

11. EUROPE CHANGES COURSE: THE 1980S AND BEYOND
Europe Faces the Global Economic Challenge
The Rise of the Pacific Economy Thatcher Reshapes Political Culture The Reagan Revolution's Global Impact
Alternatives to Thatcherism
Germany Turns to the Right France Charts a Different Course Smaller States Pursue Prosperity
Reformers Change the Soviet Bloc
Gorbachev Comes to Power Poland and the Birth of Solidarity
The End of the Soviet System
Hungary Reunification of Germany Czechoslovakia Romania
Yugoslavia and the USSR Disintegrate
The Breakup of Yugoslavia The Soviet Union Comes Apart
The Birth Pains of a New Eastern Europe
An Elusive Market Economy Post-Communist Culture
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
Thatcher and Neo-Liberalism
11.1 Margaret Thatcher, Speech to the Conservative Party Conference, Blackpool, 16 October, 1981; Speech to the Conservative Party Conference, 14 October, 1988
Gorbachev on Glasnost and Perestroika
11.2 Mikhail Gorbachev, Speech to the Communist Party, January 1987
Days of Confusion and Turmoil in Yugoslavia
11.3 Sara Bafo, "Between Despair and Hope: A Belgrade Diary," 1991-1992
11.4 Jelena, 9 Years old, from The Suitcase: Refugee Voices from Bosnia and Croatia

PICTURE ESSAY:
Dissident Art in the Soviet Bloc
Berliner, Picnic in Nature; Endless Train; Russian Trinity; Mother and Child by Arutíunian; Estonian art; First AptArt Exhibition by the Mukhomor Group.

12. EUROPE IN THE GLOBAL AGE
The Perils and Possibilities of Globalization
Europe and the Environment Disease and Drug Epidemics Migration Continues Global Networks and Organizations
Beyond the Nation-State: Integration and Fragmentation
From Common Market to European Union East Joins West Global Cities and Global Citizens National Fragmentation and the Move for Local Autonomy
The Future of European Society
Population and Prosperity Neo-liberalism and the Crisis of Social Citizenship Movements for Human Rights and Equality
Culture and the Global Challenge
Islam Confronts the West The Global Diffusion of Culture
Conclusion

DOCUMENTS
Beyond the Nation-State: Global Cities
12.1 Saskia Sassen, from Globalization and Its Discontents, 1998
The Future of Democracy in the Global Age
12.2 Shirley Williams, Can Democracy Survive the Computer?, 1985
Global Human Rights
12.3 Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim, "The Global Refugee Crisis," 1995

PICTURE ESSAY:
Building the Global city, Rebuilding a Global Europe
Paris Library; Hong Kong Skyline; Tokyo; New York; Sony Center, Potsdammerplatz; Beaubourg, Paris; Jewish Museum, Berlin; Helsinki Airport; Prague scaffolded; Prague, Fred & Ginger; Cordoba