Escherichia Coli 0157:H7 : Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. Coli Strains Book

	Contributors
	Preface
1	Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow	1
I	Epidemiology of STEC in Humans	13
2	Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections in Humans in the United States	15
3	Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections in Canada	23
4	Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in South America	30
5	Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections in Continental Europe	38
6	Shiga Toxin Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli in the United Kingdom	49
7	An Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Central Scotland	59
8	Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Australia	66
9	Recent Outbreaks of Infections Caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Japan	73
II	Stec in the Food Chain	83
10	Ecology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cattle and Impact of Management Practices	85
11	Microbiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Foods	92
12	Food Safety in the United States	109
III	Pathogenic Mechanisms: Bacterial Factors	119
13	Structure, Biology, and Relative Toxicity of Shiga Toxin Family Members for Cells and Animals	121
14	Shiga Toxin Verotoxin Binding to Its Receptor Glycolipid	129
15	Shiga Toxin Interaction with Intestinal Epithelial Cells	140
16	Intimin-Mediated Adherence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Attaching-and-Effacing Pathogens	148
17	Intimin-Independent Adherence Mechanisms of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains	157
18	Attaching-and-Effacing Intestinal Histopathology and the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement	163
19	Plasmid-Encoded Determinants of Escherichia coli O157:H7	183
20	Evolution of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains	195
IV	Pathogenic Mechanisms: Host Response and Animal Models	211
21	Epithelial Cell Responses to Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection	213
22	Cytokine Response to Shiga Toxins	226
23	Human Immune Response and Immunity to Shiga Toxin Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection	236
24	Overview of Animal Models	249
25	Bovine Infection with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli	261
26	Canine Model of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	268
27	Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protects against Tissue Injury in an Animal Model of Hemorrhagic Colitis	278
V	Pathogenesis of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	285
28	Pathophysiology of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	287
29	Hematology of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	293
30	Interaction of Shiga Toxins with Endothelial Cells	303
31	Novel Role of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Classic Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	312
32	Shiga Toxin Verotoxin Toxicity in Human Cerebral Endothelial Cells	323
VI	Diagnosis and Treatment of STEC Infections	329
33	Overview of Detection and Subtyping Methods	331
34	Treatment of Disease Due to Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli: Infectious Disease Management	357
35	Principles of the Treatment of Shiga Toxin-Associated Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome: Pay Meticulous Attention to Detail, and Do No Harm	364
36	Clinical Trials of Synsorb-Pk in Preventing Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	374
37	Early Use of Fosfomycin for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Infection Reduces the Risk of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	385
38	Vero Cell Neutralization and Mouse Protective Efficacy of Humanized Monocional Antibodies against Escherichia coli Toxins Stx1 and Stx2	388
39	Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections: Challenges and Opportunities	393
VII	Vaccines Against STEC	403
40	Immunoprophylaxis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection and Disease: Strengths and Weaknesses of Various Strategies	405
41	Toxoid-Based Active and Passive Immunization To Prevent and/or Modulate Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Due to Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli	409
42	Synthesis and Immunologic Properties of O-Specific Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugate Vaccines for Prevention and Treatment of Infections with Escherichia coli O157 and Other Causes of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	419
43	Live, Oral Attenuated Vaccine Vectors for Prevention of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection	425
44	Vaccines and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Animals	434
45	Public Health Perspective on Immunoprophylactic Strategies for Escherichia coli O157:H7: Who or What Would We Immunize?	445
	Index	453