Electrical Properties of Mammalian Tissues Book

	Preface
1	Basic considerations	1
2	Osmotic considerations	7
3	Ions to which the plasmalemma has limited permeability	9
4	Electrically excitable cells	15
4.1	Cable properties	19
4.2	Conducted action potentials	23
4.3	Cell-to-cell conduction	25
4.4	Excitation threshold	27
4.5	Variations in threshold for excitation	28
4.6	Refractoriness to re-excitation	31
5	Regulation of plasmalemmal ion channel conductance	33
5.1	Inward and outward transmembrane ionic currents	33
5.2	Activation curves	36
5.3	Inactivation curves	37
5.4	Window currents	40
6	Models and mechanisms of ion channels	41
6.1	Gating mechanisms	41
6.2	Patch clamping	43
6.3	The modulated-receptor hypothesis	44
7	Ion currents other than the sodium current that participate in action potentials	49
7.1	Comparison of action potentials in different tissues	50
7.2	Sodium-calcium exchange processes	52
7.3	Rectification in ion channels	52
7.4	Action potential repolarization	55
7.5	Pharmacology of K[superscript +] channels	57
8	Spontaneous action potential generation with particular reference to the heart	59
8.1	Ionic conductance in pacemaker potentials	59
8.2	The influence of autonomic nerve stimuli on cardiac pacemakers	64
8.3	Slow-wave pacemaking	66
9	Disorders of cardiac rhythm	69
9.1	Sinus node dysfunction	69
9.2	Ectopic pacemaking	70
9.3	After-depolarizations	72
9.4	Atrioventricular nodal dysfunction	74
9.5	Bundle of His blocks	78
9.6	Alterations of myocardial refractory period	78
9.7	Conducted re-entry	79
9.8	Leading circle re-entry	82
9.9	Pharmacology of conducted re-entry	83
9.10	Fibrillation	84
9.11	Reflected re-entry	86
9.12	Arrhythmia prophylaxis	88
10	Epithelial electricity, with special reference to the kidney	89
10.1	Equivalent electrical circuit	89
10.2	Transcellular and paracellular routes for current	90
10.3	Short-circuit current	91
10.4	Pumps and leaks	92
10.5	Co-transporters	94
10.6	Chloride flux across epithelia	95
10.7	Thiazide diuretic drugs	97
10.8	Triple co-transport of Na/K/Cl	97
10.9	Anion exchangers	98
10.10	Amiloride-inhibited Na channels	99
10.11	Proton secretion	100
10.12	Cation exchange carriers	101
	References	105
	Index	111