Cultural Diversity and Global Media: The Mediation of Difference Book

1 (Re)thinking Cultural Diversity and the Media 1

1.1 The Crises of Multiculturalism 1

1.2 The Mediation of Cultural Diversity 5

1.3 The Structure of the Book 8

2 Theorizing the Nation 14

2.1 Theories of the Nation 14

2.2 A Word on Globalization 25

2.3 Conclusions 26

3 Varieties of Multiculturalism 29

3.1 A Typology of European Multiculturalism 29

3.2 Multiculturalism in Immigration Countries: US and Canada 36

3.3 Constitutively Different: India and Nigeria 41

3.4 Conclusions 44

4 Theories of Multiculturalism 46

4.1 Multicultural Dilemmas 46

4.2 Essentialism or Fluidity? 47

4.3 Universalism or Particularism? 51

4.4 Recognition or Redistribution? 54

4.5 Conclusions 58

5 Media Theories and Cultural Diversity 60

5.1 Socio-Psychological Approaches to Media 61

5.2 Medium Theory 64

5.3 Political-Economic Theories of the Media 66

5.4 Socio-Cultural Approaches to the Media 70

5.5 Mediation: The Difference Media Make 72

5.6 Conclusions 75

6 Media Production and Diversity 78

6.1 Media Production and Mediation 78

6.2 Media Corporations 79

6.3 Media Organizations and Media Logics 81

6.4 Media Workers 85

6.5 Conclusions 92

7 Minority and Diasporic Media: Controversies and Contributions 94

7.1 Why Study Minority Media? 94

7.2 Issues of Terminology 94

7.3 Theorizing the Role(s) of Diasporic Media 97

7.4 Diasporic Media: a Typology 102

7.5 The Politics of Diasporic Media 106

7.6 Conclusions 110

8 Theories of Representation 111

8.1 The Work of Representation 111

8.2 Stereotyping: the Cognitive Aspects of Representation 112

8.3 Framing and Discourse: a First Link to Ideology 116

8.4 Semiosis, Discourse, and Representation: an Historical Analysis 120

8.5 The Performative Force of Representation 124

8.6 Conclusions: Representation and Mediation 127

9 Regimes of Representation 131

9.1 The Multiplicity of Representations 131

9.2 The Racist Regime of Representation 132

9.3 The Domesticated Regime of Representation 139

9.4 The Regime of Commodification 143

9.5 Conclusions 146

10 Self-Representations of Cultural Diversity 149

10.1 Representational Dilemmas 149

10.2 The Essentialist Regime of Representation 150

10.3 The Alternative Regime of Representation 157

10.4 Conclusions 164

11 Audiences and Cultural Diversity 165

11.1 What Do People Do with the Media? 165

11.2 Audience Reception of Mediated Cultural Diversity 166

11.3 Ethno-Cultural Groups as Audiences 170

11.4 Media Consumption and Identity 176

11.5 Right to Reply: How Can Audiences Respond? 177

11.6 Conclusions 182

12 Cultural Diversity Online 183

12.1 The Difference the Internet Makes 183

12.2 Network Society and Cultural Diversity 184

12.3 Mediation of Cultural Diversity Internet Style 187

12.4 Conclusions 196

Bibliography 198

Index 213