Confucian ethics of the axial age Book

	Preface
	Conventions
1	The Topicality of the Classical Moral Philosophy of China	1
2	Topics of the Western Reception of Chinese Ethics	7
A	Thought Form	10
B	Language	11
C	Socioeconomical and Political Conditions	17
D	Religion	19
3	Methodological Considerations: A Universalistic Heuristic of Enlightenment	23
A	Jaspers' Theory of the "Axial Age"	24
B	Kohlberg's Cognitive-Developmental Theory	26
4	The Heritage of the Pre-Confucian Epoch	33
A	Political and Social Changes	33
B	The Early Check upon Familism	34
C	The Expectation of Political Reciprocity	35
D	The Influence of Law and the Discovery of the Mental Attitude in Jurisdiction	36
E	The Religion of Heaven	39
F	The Idea of Ecumene	39
G	The Discovery of the Ego	40
5	The Background of the Emergence of Chinese Moral Philosophy: The Dissolution of Conventional Morality in the Mirror of the Lunyu	43
6	The Family and the Virtue of Filial Piety	53
A	Filial Piety as Care	53
B	Filial Piety as Obedience to Parents and Superiors	54
C	The Limits of Obedience: Filial Piety as Moral Vigilance	56
7	The State	67
A	The Theory: The Legitimation of the State	67
B	The Practice: Between Loyalty and Noncompliance	79
8	The Conflict between Family and State and the Problem of Tragedy	93
9	The Search for Postconventional Norms and Principles	101
A	The Dao and the One	101
B	Friendship	103
C	Meaure, Mean, and Harmony	106
D	Justice	111
10	Humaneness (ren)	119
A	The Position of Humaneness (ren) in the System of the Lunyu and Its Relation to Propriety (li)	119
B	The Concept of "Man"	123
C	Humaneness as a Feeling: Love, Family Love, and Compassion	126
D	Humaneness as Respect for the Other	131
E	The Golden Rule: Forms and Problems	133
11	The Moral Person	149
A	Competence of Decision	151
B	Autonomy of Judgment	159
C	Self-respect and Self-strengthening	160
D	Self-examination, Motivation, and Conscience	165
E	Autonomy of Action	172
F	Negative Sanctions: Punishment, Guilt, Shame, and Disgrace	174
G	The Reward of Virtue: Fame and Reputation versus Inner Happiness	181
12	The Problem of Responsibility	185
13	Groundings of Morals	193
A	The Role of Religion	194
B	Mengzi's Nativism	197
C	Xunzi's Rationalism	213
D	Cosmology	226
14	The Non-Confucian Schools	233
A	Mo Di's Utilitarianism	234
B	Yang Zhu's Hedonism	243
C	Daoist Naturalism	247
D	Legalism: Law and Order	257
15	Conclusion and Prospect	265
	Endnotes	281
	Bibliography	343
	Index	363