Collective Violence Book

	Preface	vii
1	The Problem of Collective Violence	1
	Collective Violence Defined	4
	Rationality versus Irratinality	6
	Micro versus Macro Roots of Collective Violence	8
	Interplay with State Authorities	10
	Conclusion	11
2	Explaining Collective Violence	13
	Individual-Level Explanations of Collective Violence	13
	Rationality, Irrationality, and Involvement in Collective Action	14
	Frustration and Relative Deprivation	17
	The Effect of Social Attachments	19
	Social and Structural Explanations of Collective Behavior	20
	Smelser's Structural-Strain Theory	20
	Political Theories and Resource Mobilization	23
	Recent Developments in the Study of Collective Behavior	25
	Conclusion	27
3	Riots	29
	Types of Riots	29
	What Do You Think?	31
	A Brief History of U.S. Riots	31
	The Colonial Period	31
	Rioting in the Nineteenth Century	32
	Race Riots in the Early Twentieth Century	33
	The 1960s Urban Riots	34
	Explaining Riots and Rioting	34
	Who Riots?	35
	The Underlying Conditions for Riots	38
	The Consequences of Riots	41
	Prison Riots	42
	Explaining Prison Riots	42
	The Consequences of Prison Riots	44
	What Would You Do?	45
	Conclusion	46
4	Revolution	48
	Explaining Revolution	49
	Marx and Engels's Theory of Revolution	49
	The Natural History of Revolution	51
	Relative Deprivation and Rising Expectations	52
	Structural Theories	53
	Some Twentieth-Century Revolutions	56
	The Russian Revolution of 1917	56
	The Chinese Revolution of 1949	57
	Nicaragua and Revolution	59
	The Iranian Revolution	60
	Conclusion	61
5	Terrorism	63
	Defining Terrorism	64
	Examples of Historical and Contemporary Terrorism	66
	Vigilante Terrorism	66
	What Do You Think?	69
	Insurgent Terrorism	70
	Transnational Terrorism	74
	State Terrorism	76
	Explaining Terrorism	79
	Psychological and Social-Psychological Views	79
	Structural Views	81
	Media Coverage of Terrorism	83
	What Would You Do?	83
	Women and Terrorism	85
	Countering Terrorism	86
	Conclusion	89
6	Cults, Militia, and Hate Groups	90
	Cults	90
	What Is a Cult?	90
	Charismatic Leadership in Cults	91
	How and Why People Join Cults	92
	Cults and Violence	96
	What Would You Do?	97
	Cult Beliefs and Cult Violence	98
	The History of Cults in the United States	99
	The Anticult Movement	101
	Satanic Cults in the United States	102
	Militia and Survivalist Groups	104
	Hate Groups	105
	Why Hate Groups Develop	106
	The Social Structure of Hate Groups	106
	A Historical Perspective on Hate Groups	107
	Ethnic Conflict	112
	Conclusion	113
7	Conclusion: The Nature and Future of Collective Violence	114
	The Structural Roots of Collective Violence	114
	The Rationality of Collective Violence	116
	The Consequences of Collective Violence	118
	Interplay with State Authorities	120
	The Future of Collective Violence	123
	References	126
	Author Index	143
	Subject Index	147