Challenging Notions: Critical Victimology in Canada Book

Introduction to Victimology     1
The (Re)-Emergence of the Victim in Criminal Justice and Criminology     7
The Canadian Context     11
Questions for Further Consideration     15
Challenging Notions: The Social Context of Victimhood     17
Media Representations of Crime Victims     19
What Is "Victimology"?     22
Mainstream Approaches to Victimology     22
Critical Approaches to Victimology     23
Defining the "Victim"     25
Gendering the Victim: The Case of Sexual Assault     28
Questions for Further Consideration     40
Measuring Victimization     41
Uniform Crime Reports     42
Victimization Surveys     46
Alternatives Methods of Measuring Victimization     52
Self-Report Surveys     52
Institutional Data     53
Challenging Measurements: Systemic Forms of Victimization     57
Questions for Further Consideration     59
General Patterns of Victimization in Canada     61
General Patterns of Victimization     63
Characteristics of Violent Incidents     65
Responding to Victimization     68
Thinking about ViolentVictimization     71
Questions for Further Consideration     72
Patterns of Violence within the Family in Canada     73
Spousal Violence     74
Responding to Spousal Violence     78
Thinking about Spousal Violence     81
Family Violence against Children and Youth     81
Thinking about Family Violence against Children and Youth     85
Family Violence against Older Adults     85
Thinking about Family Violence against Older Adults     88
Questions for Further Consideration     91
Challenging Victimizations: Two Cases in Point     93
Aboriginal Peoples, Victimization, and the Criminal Process     94
The Social Context of Aboriginal Peoples and the Criminal Justice System     98
Hate Crimes in Canada     104
Responding to Hate     105
Measuring Hate     112
Questions for Further Consideration     115
Everywhere and Nowhere: Contemporary Victims Policy in Canada     117
Programs for Victims in Canada     117
Restorative Justice: More Than Just Another Alternative?     122
Final Comments     126
Questions for Further Consideration     128
Selected Internet Sources      129
References     131
Copyright Acknowledgments     143