Apostasy and Reform in the Revelations of St. Birgitta Book

	Acknowledgments	5
1	Introduction	11
1.1	Birgitta, a Precursor of the Reformation?	15
1.2	Reform Prior to Birgitta	18
1.2.1	The Patristic and Carolingian Ages	18
1.2.2	The Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries	20
1.2.3	The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries	23
1.2.4	Influences on Birgitta	26
2	Apostasy	28
2.1	Love of the World	33
2.1.1	Pride	37
2.1.2	Covetousness	44
2.1.3	Carnal Pleasure	48
2.2	Contempt of Christ	55
2.2.1	Disregard of Sin	56
2.2.2	Vain Hope	58
2.2.3	Unbelief	64
2.2.4	Charity Grown Cold	67
2.3	Neglect of Souls	69
2.3.1	Negative Examples and Deficient Instruction	70
2.3.2	Simony and Absenteeism	72
2.3.3	Injustice	75
3	Zeal for God	82
3.1	Penance	86
3.1.1	Contrition	87
3.1.2	Confession	90
3.1.3	Satisfaction	93
3.1.4	Indulgences	96
3.2	Hope and Fear	98
3.2.1	Hope in Christ's Mercy	101
3.2.2	Fear of Christ's Justice	108
3.3	The True Faith	121
3.3.1	Heralds of the True Faith	123
3.3.2	Divinity of Christ	125
3.3.3	Providence of God	127
3.3.4	Eucharistic Real Presence	129
3.4	Divine Charity	133
3.4.1	Consideration of the Passion	135
3.4.2	Good Will and Devotions	139
4	Zeal for Souls	148
4.1	By Word and by Example	151
4.1.1	Sharing the Fruits of Contemplation	155
4.1.2	Encouragement, Instruction and Correction	159
4.1.3	Other Spiritual Works of Mercy	162
4.2	Pastoral Reform	167
4.2.1	The Prelates	167
4.2.2	The Clergy	170
4.3	Justice	173
4.3.1	Just Judgment	174
4.3.2	Just Rule	177
4.3.3	Peace and Concord	181
5	Contempt for the World	185
5.1	True Humility	189
5.1.1	Restraint of Vainglory and Ambition	193
5.1.2	Obedience	195
5.1.3	Patience	199
5.1.4	Humility of the Intellect	202
5.1.5	Humility in Dress	204
5.1.6	Humility in Speech	207
5.1.7	Humility in Deeds	211
5.2	Contempt of Worldly Riches	214
5.2.1	Restitution	217
5.2.2	Almsgiving	218
5.2.3	Voluntary Poverty	221
5.3	Corporal Abstinence	223
5.3.1	Abstinence From Food and Drink	227
5.3.2	Moderation of Rest, Distress and Joy	232
5.3.3	Chastity	233
6	Conclusion	242
	Bibliography	247
	Abbreviations	261