An Introduction to Chemistry for Biology Students Book

Part I	Inorganic Chemistry
Chapter 1	Atomic Structure	3
	Elementary Particles	3
	Atomic Number	7
	Mass Number	8
	Isotopes	10
	Electron Energy Levels	13
Chapter 2	Chemical Symbols	19
Chapter 3	Atoms and Molecules	23
Chapter 4	Ionization	27
	Ions	27
	Ionic Bonds	40
	Acids, Bases, and Salts	41
	Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes	44
	Anions and Cations	46
	pH	47
	Buffers	53
Chapter 5	Liquid Mixtures	57
	Solutions	57
	Suspensions	62
	Colloids (Colloidal Dispersions)	63
Chapter 6	Diffusion	65
	Diffusion	65
	Osmosis	67
	Osmotic Pressure	72
	Active Transport	76
Chapter 7	Nerve Cells	81
	Depolarization and Repolarization	81
	Propagation of a Nerve Impulse	90
Part II	Organic Chemistry
Chapter 8	The Covalent Bond	99
Chapter 9	Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds	117
Chapter 10	Hydrogen Bonds	123
Chapter 11	Functional Groups in Organic Compounds	129
	Alcohols	129
	Aldehydes	132
	Ketones	135
	Organic Acids	139
	Amines	141
	Esters	145
	Amides	146
	Sulfhydryls	147
	Disulfides	148
	Phosphates	149
	Summary of Functional Groups	150
Part III	Biochemistry
Chapter 12	Carbohydrates	159
	Properties of Carbohydrates	167
Chapter 13	Lipids	169
	Fats	169
	Phospholipids	173
	Steroids	174
Chapter 14	Proteins	177
	Formation and Hydrolysis	177
	Structure	181
	Denaturation	186
Chapter 15	Nucleotides	189
	Adenosine Triphosphate	189
	Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA	192
	Replication of DNA	196
	Transcription of Information (Protein Synthesis)	197
	The Genetic Code	201
	Mutations	203
Chapter 16	Enzymes	207
	Names of Enzymes	208
	Coenzymes	208
	Mode of Enzyme Activity	209
	Inhibitors	211
Chapter 17	Biologic Oxidation	215
	Cellular Respiration	218
	Glycolysis	222
	Conversion of Pyruvic Acid to Acetyl Coenzyme A	226
	The Krebs Cycle	229
	Electron Transport Chain	231
Chapter 18	Photosynthesis	233
	Overall Reaction	233
	Light Reactions	237
	Calvin Cycle	244
	C[subscript 4] Plants	250
Chapter 19	Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Transport in Blood	253
	Flow of Gases	253
	Transport of Oxygen	255
	Transport of Carbon Dioxide	258
	Transport of Both Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide	262
	Review	263
	Conclusion	289
	Appendix	291
Figure A	Cellular Respiration
Figure B	Glycolysis
Figure C	Conversion of Pyruvic Acid to Acetyl Coenzyme A
Figure D	The Krebs Cycle
Figure E	Electron Transport Chain
	Index	297