A+ Certification Training Kit: Competency Based Training for Supporting Intel Based Computer Hardware Book

* (MS-DOS wildcard)    381
? (MS-DOS wildcard)    381
(backslash)   609
24-bit graphics    229, 260
32-bit VFAT    416, 470. See also FAT32
4004 microprocessor    44
8008 microprocessor    44
8080 microprocessor    44
8086 microprocessor    51, 53, 71, 125
8088 microprocessor    47, 48, 51-52, 53, 71, 125, 235, 256
8237 chips    238-39
8259 chips    235-37
8514/A graphics 80286 microprocessor    54-55, 71, 125, 223, 236, 374
80386 microprocessor    56-57
80386DX microprocessor    71, 125
80386SX microprocessor    56, 71
80486 microprocessor    58-61, 60, 125
80486DX microprocessor    59, 71
80486SX microprocessor    59, 71

A
A+ Certification Program   xxiii-xxix
     benefits of certification,   xxxiii-xxiv
A+ exam. See alsocourse information
     A+ DOS/Windows Service Technician Examination,  xxii
     Core Service Technician Examination, xxi
     modules and domains,   xxiv-xxix
     registering    xxx
A drive    148, 167
abacus    2
Abort, Retry, Failerrors    177
AC (alternating current) power    318-19, 321, 322
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)    229-30, 609
access speed    122-23, 352, 609
ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) specification,  524
AC testers    322
active hard disk drive partition    171
active-matrix displays    517-18
active memory, 120
actuator arms    155-56
address buses
     32- bit    56
     and CPU performance    51
     defined    30
     glossary      and I/O addresses    232
     and random access memory    47-49
     as type of bus    21
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) specification    524
Advanced Microdevices (AMD)    51, 56, 60, 61, 63
Advanced Power Management (APM) standard    524
Advanced SCSI Programming Interface (ASPI)    161
alternating current (AC 318-19, 321, 322
AMD (Advanced Microdevices)    51, 56, 60, 61, 63
American Megatrends, Inc. (AMI)    103, 104
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)    17-19
amperes    317, 318, 609
analog-to-digital (A/D) converters    288
analog vs. digital communication    287-88
analytical engine    3
ANSI standards    207-8
antistatic tools    344
antivirus software
     importance of    107
     and Phoenix BIOS setup    107
APM (Advanced Power Management) standard    524
Apple computers    68-69, 208
AppleTalk    507
application programming interface (API)    375
Artisoft,  499
ASCII code
     character set table    18
     in CPU    45
     example    17
     overview    17
     and printers    271
     as protocol, 271, 297
ASCII files,  609
ASPI (Advanced SCSI Programming Interface)    161
asynchronous communication
     e-mail as   545
     glossary definition    609
     overview   289
     USB support    230
ATA/CAM (AT Attachment/Common Access Method) 160
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)    4
ATAPI (Attachment Packet Interface)    198
ATA standard    196
AT commands    302-3
AT-style motherboard connections    81, 82-84, 97
Attachment Packet Interface (ATAPI)    198
attachments, e- mail    609
ATX-style motherboard connections    81, 84, 97
autodetection    166
AUTOEXEC.BAT file
     and CD-ROM drive installation    193
     and conventional memory    140
     list of commands    385
     and MS-DOS boot process    379, 383,384
     sample listing, 385
     standardizing, 560
     tips    386
     and Windows 3. x    370, 372, 394
     and Windows 95, 414, 423, 430, 432, 433, 441, 454, 455, 461
autotermination    216
Award BIOS  103, 104

B
B drive    148, 167
Babbage    Charles    3
backing up back injuries    536
backslash ()    609
bandwidth    251, 609
banking memory    125, 126
base-16 numbering system
Seehexadecimal notation
.BAT files    380
batteries
     and CMOS      as computer processing component    31
     defined    31
     glossary      lithium ion    522-23
     nickel cadmium    522
     nickel metal      for portable baud    295, 296, 609
baud rate
     vs. bps    295, 296
     defined    284
     illustrated    296
     overview    295
BBS (bulletin board systems)    285, 546, 609
Bell Telephone bidirectional binary files    609
binary system. See alsohexadecimal notation
     in computers    13-16
     counting      and data      vs. decimal      defined    14
     examples    14
     glossary      in Morse      overview    13-14
BIOS (basic input/output system)
     accessing setup programs    104-8
     on add-on      chip manufacturers    102-3
     classes of    101
     core chips    101
     defined    100
     determining      and device      early CHS      enhanced    202-3
     and floppy disk drives    148
     glossary      multiple block read feature    205
     and portable      and shadow      updatable      upgrading    100
     and very large hard disk drives    200-201
Bi-Tronics bits
     in binary      vs. bytes    127
     in chip measurements    127
     defined    13
     glossary blackouts    87
BNC connectors    500
books and bootable floppy disks
     carrying    344
     contents      creating    168, 460
     files on    177, 344, 372
boot drive
     C drive as    167, 172, 215, 415
     SCSI drive booting up
     glossary      MS-DOS boot      Windows 95 boot process    430-31
BOOTLOG.TXT boot partition    172, 610
boot process. Seebooting up
boot sector    179
boxes, computer. See cases, computer
bps (bits per second)
     vs. baud      defined    284
     glossary      overview    296
branch prediction    61, 63, 65, 67, 68
branch target buffer (BTB)    65
BREAK command    441
bridges    507, 610
broadband    505, 610
brownouts    87
browsers    284, 512, 610
BTB (branch target buffer)    65
bulletin board systems (BBS)    285, 546, 609
burst mode    227
bus cycles    15, 122
buses. See alsodata bus; expansion buses
     8- bit    20, 40, 223
     16- bit    20, 40, 223
     32- bit    40, 56, 224, 225, 226, 227
     64- bit    40
     as computer processing component    30
     function      glossary      home wiring      number of wires in    20, 21
     overview    20-21
     for specific      telegraph bus mastering    227, 228, 232, 610
bus networks    498, 505, 610
bus topology    498, 505
bytes
     in ASCII      in binary      vs. bits    127
     defined    13, 121
     glossary      in memory

C
C drive    167, 172, 215, 415
cables
     coaxial    503-4, 611
     for connecting floppy disk drives to data bus    147-48
     fiber-optic    504
     for hard disk drives    162
     as hazard    536
     identifying      for keyboards    307
     mixing types in systems    504
     network    502-5
     null-modem    307
     parallel    272, 304-6
     for printer      RS-232, 293
     SCSI    213, 214, 307
     serial    306-7
     specifying    505
     switch boxes      troubleshooting    308
     twisted-pair    500, 502-3, 621
cache
     adding to      and CPU    51, 130
     defined    130
     external    131
     glossary      installing disk caching    401-2
     internal    51, 130, 615
     Level 1 (L1) 64, 66, 130, 352
     Level 2 (L2) 64, 66, 131, 352
     overview    130-32
     and Pentium      troubleshooting    464
     and Windows 95, 462-65
     write-back    62, 132
     write-through    62, 131
CAM (Common Access Method) SCSI interface    161
capacitors    overview    328-29
capital letters. Seecase sensitivity
carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)    505
cascaded cases, computer
     defined    36
     functions      keeping closed    94, 95
     opening    95, 346
     size considerations    95
     tower vs. case sensitivity
     in ASCII      glossary      in MS-DOS cathode-ray tubes (CRTs)    248, 250, 612
CCITT (Comité Consultatif Télégraphique et Télephonique)    296, 300
CCS (Command Command Set)    208
CDFS.VXD CD-R (CD-recordable) CD recorders    33
CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) drives
     advantages of using    186-87
     and ATA interface    198
     audio capability    189, 190
     background    186, 187
     connecting      controllers      data transfer      drivers for    192-93
     glossary      vs. hard disk drives    188
     how they      as input      installing    189, 191-93
     mean access      mounting    191-92
     for portable      SCSI    189, 191
     software      and sound      specifying cache setting    464
CD-ROM drives (continued)
     standards      and Windows 3. x    192-93
     and Windows 95 and 98, 193, 470
Celeron processors    66-67
central processing unit
SeeCPU (central processing unit)
Centronics    304, 309
certification    list of programs    509
See also A+ Certification Program
Certified Novell Administrator (CNA)    509
Certified Novell Engineer (CNE)    509
CFGBACK.EXE CGA (Color/Graphics Adapter)    256, 257, 610
character chassis    computer. See cases, computer
CHCP command    441
CHDIR command    382, 441
chip removers    343
chips. See alsochip sets; microprocessors
     cascaded    236-37
     glossary      handling    73
     for portable      ROM BIOS    100-115
chip sets
     as computer processing component    30
     defined    30, 42
     elements      glossary CHKDSK command    382
CHS values    159, 165, 173, 198, 199, 202-3
See alsoLCHS (logical cylinders, heads, and sectors)
CISC (complex instruction set computing)    64, 611
clients    496, 611
clock, CPU
     changing      as computer processing component    31
     and CPU performance    51
     defined    31
     glossary      overview    46-47
clock, external
     and CMOS      and MS-DOS    110
     and Windows 95, 110
clock cycles    46, 51
clock doubling    59-60
clock speed
     and 486 microprocessors    59
     changing    223
     and CPU performance    51
     glossary      overview    47
clones    53, 223, 611
CLS command    382, 441
clusters    173, 611
CMOS battery    109-10, 611
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) chips
     backing up      and BIOS      and EPP and ECP bidirectional standards    305
     glossary      information      as nonvolatile      overview    101-2
     and Plug and Play    109
     resetting after upgrading RAM    130
     settings for floppy disk drives    149, 151
     settings for hard disk drives    164-67
     setup procedures    102-8
     troubleshooting    178
     typical setup      updating    102-9
CMOS virus coaxial cable    503-4, 611
codes
     ASCII    17-18, 45, 271, 297
     in CPU    45-46
     glossary      machine    46
coils    331
cold boot    380, 611
Color/Graphics Adapter (CGA)    256, 257, 610
Colossus I computer    4
.com domains    512
.COM files    380
Comité Consultatif Télégraphique et Téléphonique (CCITT)    296, 300
COMMAND.COM file
     defined    372
     list of commands    441-42
     and MS-DOS boot process    379
     in Windows 95, 414, 425, 432, 437, 441-42
COMMAND.DOS command mode    380, 611. See also MS-DOS
Common Access Method (CAM) SCSI interface    161
communication    11, 12-13
Compaq    160
complex instruction set computing (CISC)    64, 611
COM ports
     background    240-41
     cables for    306-7
     connectors      defined    239
     and external      glossary      installation      standard    239-40
compressed compression    175-76, 299, 301, 611
computer cases. See cases, computer
computer games, examples of input, processing, and  output    28
computers
     cleaning    530-31
     components      digital era    4-7
     dissassembling    346
     early development    2-7
     first    2
     hardware      history of    2-7
     lockup problems    405-6
computers (continued)
     portable    514-24
     preventive      reassembling    347
     role of technicians. Seecomputer technicians
     stages of I3 output    27, 28
I3 processing    27, 28
     standardizing in organizations    560
     timeline    4-7
     troubleshooting. See troubleshooting
     upgrading    348-64
computer technicians
     and customer      handling support calls    559, 560-61
     matching computers with customer needs    549
     need for spare parts    550, 551, 559
     network certification      obtaining technical support    547-49
     on-site service      providing telephone support    548, 559, 560-61
     and recordkeeping    557-58, 561-62
     staying current    544-47
     troubleshooting See also troubleshooting
     types of tools needed    343-44, 549, 550-51, 559
     ways of providing computer user groups    545
computer conductors    317. See also buses
conferences    611
CONFIGMG.VXD CONFIG.SYS file
     and CD-ROM drive installation    193
     and conventional      and device      list of commands    384
     and memory      and MS-DOS boot process    379, 383, 384
     sample    385
     standardizing    560
CONFIG.SYS file(continued)
     tips    385, 386
     and Windows 3. x    370, 372, 394
     and Windows 95, 414, 424, 430, 432, 433,
436, 437, 441, 454, 455, 461, 462
connectivity connectors
     9- pin    306, 308, 309
     25- pin    272, 306-7, 308, 309
     AT-style    82-84
     ATX-style    81, 84, 97
     extenders      identifying      for keyboards    307
     mini    85, 616
     Molex    85, 86, 616
     most common      parallel    272, 306
     for printer      RJ-11, 293, 309
     RJ-12, 293, 309
     RJ-45, 309, 500
     for RS-232      serial    306-7
     splitters      troubleshooting    308
CONTROL.INI file, Windows 3. x    397-98
Control Panel
     Device Manager    456-59
     in Windows 3. x    392
conventional cooling systems. See fans; heat sinks
coprocessors    257-58, 612
COPY command    382, 441
copying floppy core ROM course information. See also A+ Certification Program, A+ exam
     about the CD-ROM, xviii
     about the electronic book, xxiii
     chapter and appendix overview, xix-xx
course information (continued)
     features of this book, xviii
     finding the best starting point for you, xxi
     getting started    xxii-xxiii
     hardware requirements, xxii
     intended audience, xvii
     prerequisites    xviii
     software requirements, xxiii
     where to find specific skill areas in this
book, xxi-xxii
CPU (central processing unit)
See also microprocessors
     and address      cache on    51, 130
     and chip      and clocks    31, 46-47, 51, 223
     and data      defined    30, 42-43
     gauging performance and capabilities    51-61
     glossary      handling    73
     installing    354-55
     and interrupt      and I/O addresses    232-34
     math problem      and motherboard    30, 41, 354, 355
     overview    30-31
     for portable      real vs. protected mode    54-55
     role of    42-43
     upgrading    354-55
     when to upgrade    70-71
CRTs (cathode-ray tubes)    248, 250, 612
crystal. See clock; system crystal
CTTY command    441
current
     alternating (AC)    318-19, 321, 322
     defined    316
     direct (DC) 320, 323
     in Ohm’s cursor    380, 612
customer service
     overview    557, 560-63
     and referrals    562
     support in corporate environments    558-59
     telephone      working with difficult clients    562
cylinders    hard disk    157-58, 159
Cyrix    51, 60, 62, 63

D
daisy-wheel databases    examples of input, processing,
and output    28
data bus. See alsoexpansion buses
     as computer processing component    30
     connecting floppy disk drives to    147-48
     and CPU perfo