Introduction to Metabolic and Cellular Engineeringn Book

	Preface
	List of Abbreviations
	Introduction	1
	Introductory Outlines	1
	Metabolic and Cellular Engineering in the Context of Bioprocess Engineering	2
	Tools for Metabolic and Cellular Engineering	3
	Engineering Cells for Specific Biotransformations	5
	Metabolic Areas that Have Been Subjected to MCE	8
	From DNA Sequence to Biological Function	17
	Temporal and Spatial Scaling in Cellular Processes	21
	Scaling in Microbial and Biochemical Systems	22
	Views of the Cell	24
	Transduction and Intracellular Signalling	29
	Self-organized Emergent Phenomena	30
	Homeodynamics and Coherence	34
	Matter and Energy Balances	39
	Mass Balance	39
	Energy Balance	63
	Cell Growth and Metabolite Production. Basic Concepts	77
	Microbial Growth under Steady and Balanced Conditions	77
	Microbial Energetics under Steady State Conditions	84
	Growth Kinetics under Steady State Conditions	85
	The Dilution Rate and the Growth-limiting Substrate Concentration	87
	Biomass and Growth-limiting Substrate Concentration at the Steady State	88
	Growth as a Balance of Fluxes	91
	The Flux Coordination Hypothesis	93
	Toward a Rational Design of Cells	96
	Redirecting Central Metabolic Pathways under Kinetic or Thermodynamic Control	97
	Thermodynamic or Kinetic Control of Flux under Steady State Conditions	100
	Kinetic and Thermodynamic Limitations in Microbial Systems. Case Studies	102
	Increasing Carbon Flow to Aromatic Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli	106
	Methods of Quantitation of Cellular "Processes Performance"	111
	Stoichiometry of Growth: The Equivalence between Biochemical Stoichiometries and Physiological Parameters	111
	A General Formalism for Metabolic Flux Analysis	114
	A Comparison between Different Methods of MFA	115
	Metabolic Fluxes during Balanced and Steady State Growth	119
	Bioenergetic and Physiological Studies in Batch and Continuous Cultures. Genetic or Epigenetic Redirection of Metabolic Flux	120
	Metabolic Control Analysis	126
	Control and Regulation	133
	The Control of Metabolites Concentration	134
	The TDA Approach as Applied to the Rational Design of Microorganisms: Increase of Ethanol Production in Yeast	135
App. A	A Simplified Mathematical Model to Illustrate the Matrix Method of MCA	142
App. B	Conditions for Parameter Optimization and Simulation of the Mathematical Model of Glycolysis	144
	Dynamic Aspects of Bioprocess Behavior	145
	Transient and Oscillatory States of Continuous Culture	145
	Mathematical Model Building	145
	Transient Responses of Microbial Cultures to Perturbations of the Steady State	155
	Oscillatory Phenomena in Continuous Cultures	157
	Bioprocess Development with Plant Cells	171
	MCE in Plants: Realities and Potentialities	172
	Improving Plants through Genetic Engineering	173
	Using Plant Genetic Engineering to Produce Heterologous Proteins	179
	Tools for the Manipulation and Transformation of Plants	180
	Plant Metabolism: Matter and Energy Flows and the Prospects of MCA	183
	Metabolic Compartmentation in Plant Cells	184
	Carbon Assimilation, Partitioning, and Allocation	186
	Carbon Fixation in Higher Plants	188
	MCA Studies in Plants	194
	Regulation and Control: Starch Synthesis, a Case Study	196
	Concluding Remarks	199
	Cellular Engineering	201
	Outline	201
	The Global Functioning of Metabolic Networks	202
	Cellular Engineering	212
	Bibliography	223
	Index	243