Biosynthesis and Manipulation of Plant Products Book

1	Starch biosynthesis and the potential for its manipulation	1
1.2	Occurrence of starch in plants	2
1.3	Structure and composition of starch	4
1.4	The pathway of starch synthesis	9
1.5	Regulation of starch synthesis	28
1.6	Potential for the genetic manipulation of starch	41
2	Cell walls: structure, utilisation and manipulation	55
2.2	Cell wall structure	56
2.3	Utilisation of cell wall polymers	75
2.4	Manipulation of cell wall structure	85
3	Biochemistry and molecular biology of lipid biosynthesis in plants: potential for genetic manipulation	104
3.1	The nature of lipids	104
3.2	Biosynthesis of lipids	109
3.3	Molecular aspects of plant lipid biosynthesis	125
3.4	Potential manipulations of plant lipid biosynthesis	125
4	Carotenoid biosynthesis and manipulation	139
4.2	Structure and nomenclature of carotenoids	139
4.3	Distribution in higher plants	140
4.4	Biosynthetic pathways and enzymology	144
4.5	Carotenoid genes in bacteria and lower eukaryotes	153
4.6	Higher plant genes and their manipulation	157
4.7	Industrial production of carotenoids	166
4.8	Commercial utilisation of carotenoids	168
4.9	Conclusions and future studies	170
5	Manipulating secondary metabolism in culture	178
5.2	Transformed cultures	181
5.3	Manipulation of secondary metabolism	187
5.4	Genetic manipulation of secondary metabolism	194
5.5	Possible limitations to long-term stability in genetically manipulated culture lines	198
5.6	Conclusions and future prospects	200
6	Structure, function and applications of ricin and related cytotoxic proteins	210
6.2	Nomenclature and classification of RIPs	210
6.3	Distribution of RIPs	211
6.4	Structure and function of RIPs	214
6.5	Synthesis of RIPs	217
6.6	Entry of cytoxic lectins into cells	219
6.7	The action and specificities of RIPs on ribosomes	220
6.8	Antiviral properties of RIPs	231
6.9	Physiological roles of plant RIPs	232
	Index	241