Space Weather: Research Towards Applications in Europe Book

Introduction ix

Session 1 The Solar Weather/Solar Activity Monitoring and Forecast

Chapter 1.0 The Solar Weather/Solar Activity Monitoring and Forecast Ronald van der Linden 1

Chapter 1.1 Using CME Observations for Geomagnetic Storm Forecasting Andrei N. Zhukov 5

Chapter 1.2 Solar Activity Monitoring Peter T. Gallagher R. T. James McAteer C. Alex Young Jack Ireland Russell J. Hewett Paul Conlon 15

Chapter 1.3 Modeling of Solar Energetic Particles in Interplanetary Space Rami Vainio Neus Agueda Angels Aran David Lario 27

Chapter 1.4 Simulating CME Initiation and Evolution: State-of-the-art S. Poedts B. van der Holst C. Jacobs E. Chane G. Dubey D. Kimpe 39

Chapter 1.5 Signatures of the Ancient Sun Constraining the Early Emergence of Life on Earth M. Messerotti J. Chela-Flores 49

Session 2 The Sun's Interaction with the Earth's Thermosphere and Climate System

Chapter 2.0 The Sun's Interaction with the Earth's Thermosphere and Climate System A.S. Rodger 61

Chapter 2.1 Solar Variability and Climate Joanna D. Haigh 65

Chapter 2.2 Influence of Solar Activity Cycles on Earth's Climate Nigel D. Marsh 83

Chapter 2.3 Unravelling Signs of Global Change in the Ionosphere Thomas Ulich Mark A. Clilverd Martin J. Jarvis Henry Rishbeth 95

Chapter 2.4 Thermosphere Density Model Calibration Eelco Doornbos 107

Chapter 2.5 Numerical Space Weather Prediction: Can Meteorologists Forecast the Way Ahead? M. Keil 115

Session 3 Ionosphere/Positioning and Telecommunications

Chapter 3.0 Ionosphere/Positioning and Telecommunications Sandro M. Radicella 125

Chapter 3.1 Space Weather Influence on Satellite-based Navigation and Precise Positioning R. Warnant S. Lejeune M. Bavier129

Chapter 3.2 New Improvements in HF Ionospheric Communication and Direction Finding Systems Louis Bertel Christian Brousseau Yvon Erhel Dominique Lemur Francois Marie Martial Oger 147

Chapter 3.3 Short-Term foF2 Forecast: Present Day State of Art A.V. Mikhailov V.H. Depuev A.H. Depueva 169

Chapter 3.4 Manifestation of Strong Geomagnetic Storms in the Ionosphere above Europe D. Buresova J. Lastovicka G. de Franceschi 185

Chapter 3.5 Effects of Scintillations in GNSS Operation Y. Beniguel J.-P. Adam 203

Session 4 Radiation Environment of The Earth/Spacecraft and Aircraft Environment

Chapter 4.0 Radiation Environment of The Earth-Spacecraft and Aircraft Environment Ioannis A. Daglis 217

Chapter 4.1 Complementarity of Measurements and Models in Reproducing Earth's Radiation Belt Dynamics S. Bourdarie V. Maget R. Friedel D. Boscher A. Sicard D. Lazaro 219

Chapter 4.2 Radiation Effects on Spacecraft and Countermeasures, Selected Cases Wolfgang Keil 231

Chapter 4.3 Aircraft Crew Radiation Exposure in Aviation Altitudes During Quiet and Solar Storm Periods Peter Beck 241

Session 5 The Magnetic Environment GICs and Other Ground Effects

Chapter 5.0 The Magnetic Environment - GIC and Other Ground Effects Jurgen Watermann 269

Chapter 5.1 Geomagnetic Indices in Solar-Terrestrial Physics and Space Weather M. Menvielle A. Marchaudon 277

Chapter 5.2 The Value of Real-time Geomagnetic Reference Data to the Oil and Gas Industry James Bowe Simon McCulloch 289

Chapter 5.3 Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Ground Electromagnetic Field Fluctuations in the Auroral Region and Implications on the Predictability of Geomagnetically Induced Currents A. Pulkkinen 299

Chapter 5.4 Finnish Experiences with Grid Effects of GIC's Jarmo Elovaara 311

Index 327