The Vegetation of Egypt Book

1 Egypt: The Gift of the Nile 1

2 Physiography, Climate and Soil-Vegetation Relationship 3

2.1 Geological Characteristics 3

2.2 Geographical Characteristics 5

2.3 The Climate of Egypt 6

2.4 Soil-Vegetation Relationships 7

3 The Western Desert 13

3.1 General Features 13

3.2 The Western Mediterranean Coastal Belt 14

3.3 The Oases and Depresions 44

3.4 Gebel Uweinat 94

3.5 The Gilf Kebir 99

4 The Eastern Desert 101

4.1 Geology and Geomorphology 101

4.2 Ecological Characteristics 102

5 The Sinai Peninsula 213

5.1 Geomorphology 213

5.2 Climate 218

5.3 Water Resources 220

5.4 The Vegetation 221

6 The Nile Region 251

6.1 Geomorphology 251

6.2 Climate 255

6.3 Vegetation Types 255

7 The History of the Vegetation: Its Salient Features and Future Study 305

7.1 The History of the Vegetation 305

7.2 Future Study of Phytosociology and Plant Ecology 315

7.3 The Main Types of Vegetation and Its Features: Synopsis 317

8 Remote Sensing and Vegetation Map of Egypt 319

8.1 Introduction 319

8.2 Case Studies 321

9 Sustainable Development of Egypt's Deserts 335

9.1 Definition 335

9.2 Religious Attitudes 336

9.3 Ecological Considerations 337

9.4 Renewable Natural Resources 339

Appendix Photographs Covering Western Desert, Eastern Desert, Sinai Peninsula, Nile Region 375

References 409

List of Species 427