Oilseeds Book

Contributors     XVI
Abbreviations     XXI
Soybean   G.-J. Lee   X. Wu   J. G. Shannon   D. A. Sleper   H. T. Nguyen     1
Introduction     1
Construction of Soybean Genetic Maps     7
Soybean Genetic Map     7
First Generation of Soybean Maps Constructed Based on a Single Population     7
Integrated Soybean Genetic Maps     9
Mapping of Genes in Soybean     10
Resistant Genes to Soybean Diseases     10
Genes for Herbicide Resistance     20
Nodulation Genes     20
Genes for Growth Habit, Flowering, and Morphology     20
Soybean Sterility Genes     22
Genes for Mineral Toxicity or Deficiency     22
Genes for Soybean Pigmentation     23
Genes for Fatty Acid Composition     23
QTL Mapping in Soybean     24
Pest Resistance     24
Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses     36
Growth and Development Responses     37
Seed Composition     38
Yield-Related Traits     38
Marker-Assisted Breeding in Soybean     40
Advantages     40
MarkerSystems     40
Marker-Assisted Introgression     41
Gene Pyramiding     42
Progress in Map-Based Cloning, Transformation, and Other Candidate Gene Approaches in Soybean     42
Map-Based Cloning     42
Soybean Transformation     43
Functional Genomics for Candidate Gene Discovery     43
Future Scope     44
References     45
Oilseed Rape   R. Snowdon   W. Luhs   W. Friedt     55
Introduction     55
Origin and History of Oilseed Rape     55
Botanical Description     56
Economic Importance of Oilseed Rape     56
Nutritional and Chemical Composition of Rapeseed Oil     57
Breeding of Oilseed Rape     59
Breeding Methods     59
Breeding for Improved Productivity     59
Improvement of Seed Components     60
Hybrid Breeding and Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Systems     62
Use of Male Sterility Systems in Oilseed Rape Breeding     64
Genetic Diversity for Heterosis and Hybrid Breeding     64
Expanding the Genetic Variability in Oilseed Rape by Interspecific Hybridization     65
Cytogenetic Studies of Brassica Crops and Interspecific Hybrids     67
History of Cytogenetic Studies in Brassica     67
Genetic Diversity Studies in Brassica napus     71
Genetic Modification: Status and Potential of Transgenic Brassica napus     72
Herbicide Tolerance     72
Genetic Engineering of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis     73
Molecular Markers and Genetic Mapping     77
Use of Isoenzymes in Oilseed Rape Breeding     77
Brassica napus Genetic Maps: From RFLP to PCR Markers     77
Mapping of Genes and QTLs for Morphological and Quality Traits     88
Mapping of Genes and QTL for Disease Resistance     91
Mapping QTLs for Abiotic Stress     92
Towards an Integrated B. napus Genetic Map     93
Comparative Genomic Studies     94
Physical Mapping and Genomics Tools     98
Physical Mapping     98
Public Genome Resources: The Multinational Brassica Genome Project     100
Genome Sequencing in B. oleracea and B. rapa     100
Outlook     103
References     103
Peanut   S. L. Dwivedi   D.J. Bertioli   J. H. Crouch   J. F. Vails   H. D. Upadhyaya   A. Favero   M. Moretzsohn   A. H. Paterson      115
Introduction     115
Origin     115
Botanical Types and Distribution     115
Crop Production and Uses     116
Improved Quality Requirements: Reduced Allergenicity and Toxicity     118
Genetic Resources in Peanut     118
Wild Arachis Species and Interspecific Gene Introgression into Cultivated Peanut     118
Cultivated Germplasm     119
Core Collections     119
Appropriate Germplasm and Evaluation Systems for Mapping Economically Important Traits in Peanut     121
Phenotypic Screens, Resistance/Tolerance Mechanism, and Genetics     121
Germplasm with Beneficial Traits for Mapping and Genetic Enhancement     126
Genomic Resources in Peanut     128
DNA Markers (RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, SSRs)     128
Molecular Diversity     131
Mapping Population     131
Genetic Linkage Map     132
Comparative Mapping with Model Genomes     133
BAC Libraries and New Generation Markers     133
Successes and Limitations of Conventional Breeding in Peanut     136
Biotechnological Applications to Genetic Enhancement in Peanut     137
Marker/Trait Associations     137
Unlocking the Genetic Variation from Wild Genetic Resources     137
Transgenics     140
Conclusions and Future Outlook     142
References     143
Sunflower   N. Paniego   R. Heinz   P. Fernandez   P. Talia   V. Nishinakamasu   H. Esteban Hopp     153
Introduction     153
Brief History     153
Botanical Description     153
Economic Importance     154
Conventional Breeding     155
Molecular Markers and Genetic Maps     156
Genomics and Transcriptomics     157
Structural Analysis by in situ Hybridization     163
Resistance Genes in Cultivated and Wild Sunflowers     164
QTL Analysis for Developmental and Agronomic Traits     168
In vitro Tissue-Culture-Aided Breeding     169
Genetic Transformation     170
Transgenic Traits     170
Transgenic Sunflowers: Biosafety Concerns     170
References     172
Indian Mustard   D. Edwards   P. A. Salisbury   W. A. Burton   C. J. Hopkins   J. Batley     179
Introduction     179
Brief History of Brassica juncea      179
Botanical Description     179
Economic Importance     180
Breeding Objectives and Progress     181
Overcoming Limitations of Classical Endeavours     183
Classical Mapping Efforts     185
Utility of Molecular Mapping     185
Construction of Genetic Maps     186
Genetic Mapping in B. juncea     186
First-Generation Maps     186
Second-Generation Maps     188
Comparative Mapping     193
Gene Mapping and Marker-Assisted Selection     195
White Rust Resistance     195
Seed Coat Color     197
Fatty Acid/Oil Content     198
Glucosinolate Content     201
Marker-Assisted Breeding     202
Transgene-Assisted Breeding     203
Advanced Works     203
Gene Discovery and Expression     203
Future Scope of Works     204
References     205
Brassica Rapa   P. Quijada   J. Cao   X. Wang   M. Hirai   C. Kole     211
Introduction     211
History of the Crop     211
Botanical Description     211
Economic Importance     213
Breeding Objectives and Achievements     213
Construction of Genetic Maps     215
Brief History of Mapping Efforts     215
Mapping Populations     216
Mapping Resources     217
Genetic Maps     218
Comparative Mapping     221
Gene Mapping     224
Seed Coat Color     224
Disease Resistance     227
Vernalization Requirements and Flowering Time     229
Fatty Acid Content     231
Self-Incompatibility     231
Dwarfism     232
Markers Linked to Microspore Embryogenic Ability     233
QTL Mapping     233
Morphological Traits     233
Heat Resistance     236
Resistance to Clubroot     236
Resistance to White Rust     236
Linolenic Acid Content     237
Flowering Time     239
Abiotic Stresses: Winter Survival and Freezing Tolerance     240
Mendelization of QTLs     242
Marker-Assisted Breeding     243
Marker Conversions     243
Germplasm Screening     243
Marker-Assisted Selection      246
Marker-Assisted Introgression     248
Gene Pyramiding     250
Map-Based Cloning     251
Principles of Map-Based Cloning     251
Genetic Resources and Mapping Populations     252
BAC Libraries     252
Outlook     253
Future Scope of Works     253
References     254
Black Mustard   S. Das   U. Lagercrantz   M. Lascoux     265
Introduction     265
Taxonomy     265
Genetic Relationship and Evolution of Brassica species     265
Breeding     266
DNA Marker Technology     267
Genetic Linkage Mapping in Brassica nigra     267
Genetic Maps     267
Comparative Mapping     269
Mapping of Flowering-Time Trait in Brassica nigra     270
Future Scope of Work     271
References     272
Flax   C.A. Cullis     275
Introduction     275
Origin and History     275
Biological Descriptions     275
Karyotype     277
Genome Size     278
Economic Importance     278
Breeding Objectives      280
Construction of Genetic Maps     282
Classical Mapping     282
Molecular Maps     285
Germplasm Identification     287
Germplasm Characterization     287
Molecular Markers for Germplasm Identification     289
Inducing New Variability or Traits     290
Gene Discovery     291
Quantitative Trait Loci     291
Future Scope of Works     291
References     292
Subject Index     297