A History of Plastic Surgery Book

The Anatomical Foundations of Surgery     1
The Pre-Scientific Period     3
The Scientific Period     12
The Modern Period     35
Healing of Wounds and the Development of Surgery     39
The First Surgical Repairs     40
The Closing of Wounds: Sutures and Bandages     42
Controlling Bleeding     44
Other Contributions to Greco-Roman Medicine     46
After the Decline of the Roman Empire     49
The Contributions of the Arabs     50
The Contribution of the Scuola Salernitana     52
The Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance     53
Professional Societies and Their Role in the Development of Surgery     57
Battlefield Surgery     59
Ambroise Pare and His Revolutionary Treatment of Wounds     61
Other Contributions During the Sixteenth Century     64
Astrology, Alchemy, Magnetism and Other Novelties     67
Blood Transfusions and Other Developments     69
The Role of Scientific Societies     71
The Revival of the Skin Flap and the Discovery of Grafts     71
Infection     71
The Role of Surgical Instruments     74
Skin Flaps     79
LocalFlaps     85
Distant Flaps     88
The Rebirth of the Skin Flap     89
Developments Before and During the Nineteenth Century     90
The Tubed Flap     95
The Vascular Flap     104
The Advent of Vascular Microsurgery and the Free Flap     110
Myocutaneous Flaps     112
Further Developments: Fasciocutaneous Flaps, Skin Expansion     117
Skin Grafts     121
The First Clinical Experiments     124
Reverdin's Pinch Graft: The First Breakthrough     127
Thin Grafts     129
The Return of the Full-thickness Graft     131
Further Progress in Skin Grafts     132
Split Skin Grafts     134
Homografts and the Rejection Phenomenon     136
Graft Viability and Preservation     137
Grafts of Other Tissues     141
Bone Grafts     143
Early Bone Grafting     146
Cartilage Grafts     147
Fat Grafting     151
Some Notes on Anaesthesia     157
Inhalation Anaesthesia     160
Intravenous Anaesthesia     163
Local Anaesthesia, Regional Anaesthesia and Other Breakthroughs      163
Further Developments     164
Nasal Reconstruction     167
Antiquity     168
The Renaissance     173
The Decline of Rhinoplasty     195
The Revival of Reconstructive Surgery     198
Cleft Lip and Palate     213
The Cleft Lip     214
The Cleft Palate     233
Reconstruction of the External Genitalia     251
Circumcision     253
Posthioplasty or Reconstruction of the Prepuce     255
Hermaphroditism     257
Vaginal Malformations     258
Hypospadias     263
Ear Reconstruction     277
Ear Reconstruction After Trauma     278
Congenital Malformations     281
Total Reconstruction of the Auricle     283
Skull Reconstruction     287
The Earliest Corrections of Skull Defects     288
Treatment of Skull Trauma     289
The First Reconstructions     290
Repair with Bone Grafts     294
Alloplastic Implants     296
Facial Fractures     296
Introduction to Cosmetic Surgery     299
The Aesthetic Effect of Accepted Surgery     301
The Introduction of Paraffin     301
The First Purely Cosmetic Operations     302
Facial Reconstruction and the Influence of the First World War     303
The Use of the New Techniques for Cosmetic Purposes     303
The Role of the Professional Associations     304
The Growth of Cosmetic Surgery     305
Liberation from Quackery     305
Cosmetic Rhinoplasty     307
Facial Rejuvenation     319
Cosmetic Treatment in the Pre-surgical Era     320
The First Operations on the Eyelids with Cosmetic Effects     320
The Evolution of Face-lifting     322
Cosmetic Surgery of the Breast     329
Breast Reduction     330
Breast Augmentation     345
Abdominoplasty     348
References     351
Subject Index     375