Back to the Schoolyard the Daily Practice of Medieval and Renaissance Education Book

Introduction Education & literacy 13

Ch. 1 Medieval schools 21

1.1 The school system in the Netherlands 21

1.2 A European perspective 29

1.3 School in medieval Dutch literature 33

1.4 School in Latin school texts 40

1.5 Archaeological sources 42

1.6 Iconographical sources 45

Ch. 2 The material culture of education 53

2.1 Learning the alphabet 53

2.2 Reading 55

2.3 Writing 57

2.4 Arithmetic 72

2.5 Carrying 76

2.6 Punishment 82

2.7 Production and sale of school equipment 85

Ch. 3 School life excavated 89

3.1 Groningen : what pupils left behind 89

3.2 Leiden : records, finds, and a building 92

3.3 Gorinchem : a school around 1600 97

3.4 Zwolle : a boarding house 99

3.5 A European perspective 100

3.6 Some other schools and houses 103

3.7 Reformation schools 105

Ch. 4 School life depicted 115

4.1 School parodies 116

4.2 Teachers and pupils 127

4.3 Educating holy children 145

4.4 Learning in egodocuments 167

Ch. 5 The right time for education 181

5.1 School as a phase in life 181

5.2 The learned children of Mercury 199

Ch. 6 Grammar as a teacher 213

6.1 Grammar and the other arts 213

6.2 The good and the bad pupil 217

6.3 French cathedrals : grammar in a stone book 219

6.4 Italian decorative programmes : government resting on grammar 222

6.5 Foligno : arts, planets, and the ages of life 228

6.6 Secular arts, sacred arts 232

6.7 Urbino : Federico da Montefeltro showing the arts 241

6.8 Grammar in manuscripts 246

6.9 A realistic grammar? 256

Ch. 7 Daily life at school 261

7.1 School buildings 261

7.2 Pupils 270

7.3 Teachers 278

7.4 Schooldays 280

7.5 Social status andgender 289

Conclusion Education and literacy 303

Bibliography 311

Index 321