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Translator's Foreword
Transliteration System for Arabic Characters
Preface
CHAPTER 1: Fundamentals 1
DEFINITIONS AND OBJECTIVES 1
A Mysticism? 2
Knowledge and Love 3
Who is the Sufi? 4
A Reality without a Name 5
The Science of Spiritual States 6
The Initiatory Path 8
Goals of the Sufi 11
Purifying the Soul 12
Knowing God 12
Union with God, or "Extinguishing Oneself' in Him? 14
Dying to Oneself, and Living Again Through Him 15
DIVERSITY IN SUFISM 16
A Rich Pallet of Spiritual Types 16
Sufi Literature 19
Inward Alchemy 21
SUFISM AND SHI'ISM 22
Doctrinal Affinities 22
Two Rival Esoterisms 24
THE ROLE OF THE FEMININE IN SUFISM 27
The Eternal Feminine in Islamic Mysticism 27
The Effects of the Male Ambience 29
SOME PREJUDICES REGARDING SUFISM 29
Sufism is a Kind of Quietism, and is the Egotistical Search for Individual Salvation 29
Sufism is a Popular Religion, Conceived as a Reaction to the Legalism of "Orthodox" Islam 31
CHAPTER 2: Sufism and Islam 33
TWO NAMES FOR A SINGLE REALITY 33
The Fundamentally Koranic Character of Sufism 33
THE KORANIC MODEL 35
"To Combine One's Flesh and Blood with the Koran" 35
The Sufi Travels His Path Through the Book 37
A Multitude of Meanings: Sufi Exegesis 38
The Hadith Qudsi, or "Divine Utterance" 42
THE MODEL OF MUHAMMAD 43
"Sufis are Those Who Follow the Path of the Messenger of God and Strive to Acquire His Noble Virtues" 43
The Prophet as Primordial Light 44
The Reality of Muhammad, Mediator between the Divine and Human Realms 45
The Inner Sunna 47
Sufism and Prophetic Tradition (Hadith) 48
The Master of Masters 50
Devotion to the Prophet 53
THE ISLAM OF "EXCELLENCE" 54
Islam, Iman, Ihsan 54
Sufism Illuminates the Five Pillars 56
Sufism, or Plenary Islam 58
THE LAW (SHARI'A), THE WAY (TARIQA), AND THE REALITY (HAQIQA) 59
A Law for Sufis Only? 60
The Science of "Unveiling", the Science of Shari'a 62
A Living Law 64
CHAPTER 3: Sufism in Islamic Culture: Historical Perspective 65
THE PATH OF THE PIONEERS 65
A Foundational Attitude: The Ascetic Renunciation of the World 65
The "Path of Blame" (Malama): From Concealment to Provocation 67
From Asceticism to Mysticism 68
Bistimi, the Archetype of "Intoxication" 69
The Baghdad "School" of Sufism (Ninth-Tenth Centuries) 70
Hallaj 70
Junayd 71
Hakim Tinnidhi: Between Prophecy and Sainthood 73
Persecutions 73
Successors of Junayd and Hallaj 74
The Four Founders of the Legal Schools and Sufism 75
THE CENTURIES OF MATURATION (Tenth-Twelfth Centuries) 78
Legal Scholars, Traditionnists, Sufis: Assertion of Identities 78
Radiance from Khurasan (Tenth-Eleventh Centuries) 79
Sufism and Shafi'ism 79
Manuals of Sufism 80
Ghazzali: The Supremacy of Spiritual Intuition over Reason 83
The Persistence of the Mysticism of "Intoxication" 85
POETRY AND METAPHYSICS 87
Iranian Mystical Poetry (Twelfth-Fifteenth Centuries): 'Attar, Rumi, and Others 87
Rumi: Music and Dance 89
Turkish Mystical Poetry: Yanus Emre 91
Arabic Mystical Poetry: Ibn 'Arabi and Ibn al-Farid 92
The Necessity of Interpreting Mystical Poetry 93
Sufi Terminology 94
Ibn 'Arabi and the Metaphysics of Being 95
Ibn Sab'in, or Oneness Without Compromise 98
CREATING A STRUCTURE FOR SUFISM 99
(Twelfth-Fifteenth Centuries)
The Formation of the "Initiatory Paths" (Tariqa) 101
Iraq 102
Central Asia and Iran 104
India 108
Muslim Spain and the Maghreb 109
Egypt and Syria 111
Anatolia 114
The Caucasus 115
INTEGRATION AND EXPANSION: "SUFISM, THE HEART OF ISLAM" 117
Recognition of Sufism by the Ulama 117
Sufism is Prominent as the Spirituality of Sunni Islam 120
Hanbalism and Sufism 121
Places of Sufi Social Interactions 122
The "Cult of Saints" 124
The Esoteric Governance of the World 125
SUFISM AND REFORMISM (Eighteenth-Twentieth Centuries) 126
A Decline of Sufism? 126
The Search for Original Purity (Eighteenth-Nineteenth Centuries): Sufism and Wahhabism 127
The Muhammadian Path 128
Renewed Paths and New Paths 129
Lesser Jihad and Greater Jihad 132
The Sudanese Mahdi 133
Emir 'Abd al-Qadir 133
Sufi Reformism at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century: Amadou Bamba and the Shaykh al-'Alawi 134
Sufism: A Fertile Ground for "Salafi" Reformism 136
Sufism and Islamicism in the Twentieth Century: Politicization 139
"Sufi Scholars" in Contemporary Times 141
CHAPTER 4: Sufism As It Is Lived 142
MASTER AND DISCIPLE 142
A Necessary Relationship 142
An Excessive Veneration? 143
A Reciprocal Code of Conduct 145
A Single Master 146
A Second Birth 146
Sufi Psychology, or the "Science of the Soul" 149
Succession and Delegation of Authority 151
METHODS AND RITES OF AFFILIATION 153
Initiatory Rites 153
The "Investiture of the Cloak" (Khirqa) 153
"Making the Pact" ('Ahd, Bay'a) 154
"The Secret Teaching of Formulas of Invocation" (Talqin) 155
From True Aspirant to Simple Associate 155
A Fluid World: Multiple Affiliations 156
Uwaysi Initiation 157
CODES OF CONDUCT 158
Correct Inner Attitudes 158
Food 159
Clothing 159
Sleep 159
Travel 159
Between Brothers 160
A Rule for Community Life 161
INITIATORY METHODS 162
The Invocation (Dhikr) 162
The Highest Form of Worship 162
Formulas of the Invocation 164
From the Dhikr of the Tongue to that of "Inner Consciousness" 166
The Invocation of the Tongue (Dhikr al-Lisan) 166
The Invocation of the Heart (Dhikr al-Qalb) 167
The Invocation of the Inner Consciousness (Dhikr al-Sirr) 167
Aloud, or in Silence? 167
Group Sessions of Dhikr 168
SPIRITUAL POETRY AND MUSIC: SAMA' 170
The Echo of the Divine Word 170
Subtlety and Ambiguity of Santa' 171
A Joyful and Widespread Practice 172
Litanies and Prayers 174
The Retreat (Khalwa) 176
Rules of the Retreat 177
Not to Stop at Supernatural Phenomena 179
The "Retreat in the Midst of the Crowd" 180
CHAPTER 5: Sufism and Interreligious Openness 182
Religious Pluralism in Islam 182
The Transcendent Unity of Religions 183
The Legacy of Prophetic Pluralism 188
The "Hidden Idolatry" of Common Believers 189
The Temptation of Syncretism 190
The Pressures of Exoterism and History 191
CONCLUSION: Sufism Yesterday, Sufism Today 194
The "Degeneration of Time" 194
The Illness of "Brotherhoodism" 195
Adapting to Cyclical Conditions 196
Towards a Restructuring of the Roles of Sufism 198
The Messianic Adventure 199
Sufism in the West 200
Maps 204
Glossary and Index of Technical Terms 207
Index of Proper Names 213
Biographical Notes 219
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Add Introduction to Sufism: The Inner Path of Islam, Why is Sufism so compelling to both spiritual seekers and scholars? This, the first book in English from an authority on Sufism, Éric Geoffroy, introduces Sufism from many angles and from its origins up to the present day. Geoffroy sees Sufism as a unique, Introduction to Sufism: The Inner Path of Islam to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
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Add Introduction to Sufism: The Inner Path of Islam, Why is Sufism so compelling to both spiritual seekers and scholars? This, the first book in English from an authority on Sufism, Éric Geoffroy, introduces Sufism from many angles and from its origins up to the present day. Geoffroy sees Sufism as a unique, Introduction to Sufism: The Inner Path of Islam to your collection on WonderClub |