Online Journalism Book

	Preface	xi
	To the Student	xv
Chapter 1	Introduction to Online Journalism	1
	Goals	1
	What is Journalism?	6
	Fairness	6
	Attribution	8
	Accuracy	8
	Relevance	8
	Newness	9
	Advantages of Online Journalism	9
	Audience Control	9
	Nonlinearity	10
	Storage and Retrieval	10
	Unlimited Space	11
	Immediacy	11
	Multimedia Capability	13
	Interactivity	13
	Types of Online Journalism Sites	13
	Evaluating Online Sites	15
	Who Is Producing the Site?	15
	What Is the Content of the Site?	16
	Is the Information Accurate?	16
	How Often Is the Information Updated?	16
	What Does the Site Look Like?	17
	Beginning Your Journey Into Online Journalism	17
	What's Next	18
	Activities	18
Chapter 2	Tools and Terminology	19
	Goals	19
	The Internet and the World Wide Web	20
	Early Development of the Internet	20
	Text-Based Internet Applications	21
	Development of the World Wide Web	22
	How the World Wide Web Works	22
	Digital Media	24
	Understanding Digital: Bits, Bytes and the Like	24
	Types of Digital Media	25
	Hardware	31
	Bandwidth	32
	Computer Considerations	33
	Software	35
	Browsers and Plug-Ins	35
	Authoring Software	35
	Editing Software	36
	What's Next	36
	Activities	36
Chapter 3	HTML and Authoring	37
	Goals	37
	HTML Standards	38
	Basic HTML	38
	Structural Tags	40
	Tags for Graphics and Links	43
	Formatting Text	44
	Using Preformatted HTML Commands	46
	Using HTML Tags for Text Formatting	47
	Using Cascading Style Sheets	49
	Using Authoring Programs	51
	Web Creation and Management	51
	Basic Program Operation	53
	Text Formatting	56
	Links, Images and Multimedia Elements	58
	Putting Your Files on the Web	58
	What's Next	60
	Activities	60
Chapter 4	Working in Online Journalism	61
	Goals	61
	Creating Online Journalism	62
	Online Journalism Content	62
	Convergence	63
	Content Management Systems	65
	Online News Processes	69
	Online Journalism Organizations: Three Case Studies	70
	WashingtonPost.Newsweek Interactive	70
	CJOnline	77
	WTVG-TV	80
	What's Next	82
	Activities	82
Chapter 5	Using Online Reporting Sources	83
	Goals	83
	The Internet as a Reporting Source	84
	E-Mail Related Sources	86
	Using E-mail	87
	Newsgroups	87
	Listservs	88
	Web Page-Based Sources	89
	General Reference Sources	89
	Specialized Sources for Journalists	90
	Search Engines	92
	Directories	94
	Online Journalism Sites	96
	Databases	96
	Evaluating Sources	99
	Evaluating Top-Level Domains	99
	Personal Web Pages	102
	Other Evaluation Criteria	103
	Being Careful: External Links and Hackers	104
	What's Next	105
	Activities	105
Chapter 6	Web Page Design	107
	Goals	107
	Basic Online Journalism Design	108
	Layout Grids	108
	Page Dimensions	109
	Usability	113
	Principles of Design	113
	Unity	115
	Contrast	115
	Hierarchy	117
	Consistency	118
	Using Text	119
	Font Classifications	119
	Text Alignment	121
	Line Length	121
	Text Techniques to Avoid	123
	Using Color and Graphics	124
	Color Considerations	124
	Graphics and Storage Space	125
	Graphic Design Elements	128
	Using Tables to Design Web Pages	128
	Creating Tables	130
	Creating a Page Layout Grid	133
	What's Next	140
	Activities	142
Chapter 7	Writing and Editing Online	143
	Goals	143
	Writing for the Online Reader	144
	Short Sentences and Paragraphs	145
	Subheads and Bolding	146
	Bullet Points and Lists	150
	Voice	151
	Text-Based Online Story Forms	151
	Print Plus	152
	Layered Stories: By Detail	152
	Layered Stories: By Topic	156
	Updating Online Stories	159
	What's Next	167
	Activities	168
Chapter 8	Using Links in Online Stories	169
	Goals	169
	Creating Links Using HTML	170
	Using the Anchor Tag	170
	Setting the Link Target	172
	Linking Issues	174
	Permission to Link	174
	Link Maintenance	174
	Taking Users Away from Your Story	175
	Selecting Links	175
	Link Functions	175
	Paring Links	177
	Presenting Links	177
	Main Story Links	178
	Sidebar Links	180
	Shells	185
	Beat Shells	186
	Issue Shells	188
	Story Shells	188
	User Shells	188
	What's Next	190
	Activities	190
Chapter 9	Multimedia and Interactivity	191
	Goals	191
	Types of Media Elements	194
	Graphics	194
	Sound	196
	Video	199
	Rich Content	200
	Advanced Interactivity	203
	Forums and Blogs	203
	Databases	204
	Making Media Decisions	204
	Nature of the Story	204
	Target Audience	205
	Available Resources	206
	Examples of Interactive and Multimedia Content	206
	What's Next	214
	Activities	214
Chapter 10	Legal and Ethical Issues	215
	Goals	215
	Libel	216
	Libel Liability	216
	Forum Shopping	218
	Obscenity and Indecency	219
	Copyright	220
	Fair Use	221
	Copyright on the Internet	222
	Copyright and the Online Journalist	223
	Linking Law	225
	Deep Linking	226
	Inline Linking	227
	Framing	228
	Associative Linking	229
	Linking to Illegal or Infringing Material	230
	Legal Implications for Online Journalists	231
	Ethical Issues	232
	Linking	232
	Blogging	233
	What's Next	235
	Activities	235
Chapter 11	Opportunities and Challenges	237
	Goals	237
	The Economic Structure of Online Journalism	238
	Selling Advertising	238
	Charging Subscription Fees	241
	Offering Value-Added Services	241
	The Role of Online Journalism in Society	242
	Delivery to Other Devices	246
	Convergence	247
	Service to Underrepresented Communities	248
	Service to Users with Disabilities	248
	What's Next	250
	Activities	250
Appendix A	Common Text-Formatting Selectors in CSS	253
Appendix B	Common Positioning and Design Selectors in CSS	255
	Glossary	257
	Index	265