Reef Aquarium Volume Three: Science, Art, and Technology Book

	Acknowledgements	6
	About the Authors	7
	Introduction	8
Chapter 1	The Basics of Aquarium Selection and Design	32
	The Aquarium	33
	Preparing the Aquarium	41
	The Overflow	43
	The Sump	50
	Aquarium Location	52
	Physical Considerations	52
	Biological Considerations	57
	Cleaning the Aquarium	59
Chapter 2	Common Elements	60
	Water	61
	Live Rock	67
	The Bottom Material	74
Chapter 3	Plumbing and Electrical	82
	Plumbing	83
	Piping and Tubing	84
	Fittings	88
	Valves	100
	Pump Selection	103
	Planning the Design	116
	Testing the System	121
	Electrical Do's, Don'ts and Considerations	121
Chapter 4	Physical & Chemical Parameters of Reef Aquarium Water	132
	Temperature	133
	Gas Exchange	154
	Specific Gravity	160
	Salinity	164
	Electrical Conductivity	167
	pH	168
	Alkalinity	170
	Calcium	173
	Magnesium	173
	Ammonium and Nitrite	175
	Nitrate	175
	Phosphate	176
	Trace and Minor Elements	179
	Vitamins	192
	Filtration and other affects on trace elements	192
	Redox	194
	Dissolved Organic Matter	196
	Turbidity	197
Chapter 5	Calcium, Alkalinity and pH Maintenance	198
	Where does all th0e Calcium Carbonate Go?	200
	Calcium	202
	Alkalinity	205
	How to Supplement Calcium and Alkalinity	206
	Methods Used for Raising the Calcium and Alkalinity Levels in an Aquarium	207
	Other Calcium and Alkalinity Sources	229
	Solving Calcium, Alkalinity and pH Problems	233
Chapter 6	Filtration	246
	Mechanical Filtration	247
	Surface Skimming	248
	UV Sterilizers	250
	Biological Filtration	254
	Fluid Mechanics and Biological Filtration	261
	Nitrifying Filters	268
	Denitrifying Filters	272
	Assimilatory Reduction of Nitrate	274
	Substrate Filtration Principles	286
	Refugia	288
	Chemical Filtration	296
	Protein Skimming	308
	Natural Systems	333
	Eng's Natural System	333
	Jaubert's Monaco System	337
	Deep Sand Bed (DSB) Filtration	361
	Berlin Method	367
	Algal Turf Scrubbers (ATS) and Microcosm Management	371
	The Ecosystem Aquarium aka.the Miracle Mud Method	385
	Cryptic Sponge/tunicate EG zonal Filtration	397
	Natural Systems - Final Thoughts	400
Chapter 7	Water Motion	402
	Types of Water Motion	403
	The Role of Water Motion	404
	Water Motion and Coral Placement	407
	Accessory pumps and flow enhancing devices	408
	Wave-makers, Rotating Returns and Current Switchers	417
	Surge Generators	424
	Tidal Systems	438
Chapter 8	Lighting	442
	Orientation of Marinelife	444
	Skylight versus Sunlight	444
	Total Light Received by the Aquarium	445
	Ultraviolet (UV) Light	453
	Lighting Parameters	456
	Types of Lighting Systems	465
	Light Fixture Orientation	471
	Reflectors	472
	Ballasts	478
	Lamp Types	483
	New Trends in Aquarium Lighting	499
	Coral Colour	507
	Response of Coral to Artificial Lighting	516
Chapter 9	Aquascaping	520
	Design Considerations	521
	Use of Aquarium Backgrounds	528
	Hiding Equipment	534
	Model Building	535
	Live Rock	536
	Other Options - Alternatives to Live Rock	540
	Materials that Facilitate Reef Construction	549
	Using Sand Beds for Aesthetic Purposes	564
Chapter 10	Foods and Feeding	568
	Fish Foods	569
	Invertebrate Foods and Feeding	573
	Feeding Challenges	591
Chapter 11	Maintenance, Husbandry and Disease Issues	598
	Keeping a Log	599
	Integrated Controllers	600
	Maintaining Calcium Reactors	601
	Lighting Maintenance	602
	Tank Maintenance	605
	Plumbing Maintenance	612
	Pump Maintenance	613
	Changing Activated Carbon and Other Media	615
	Cleaning the Protein Skimmer	616
	A Clean Sweep- The Use of a Cleanup Crew	618
	Coral Harvest/Pruning	640
	Old Tank Syndrome	641
	Disease	645
	Parasitic Crustaceans	648
	Long Term Puzzling Problems with Corals	653
	Probiotics, Predatory Bacteria, and Bacteria Phages	654
	Future Disease Treatment Options	655
	Designer Corals	655
	What's Next? Reef Aquarium Maintenance in the Future	656
	Bibliography	658
	Index	672