Problem Analysis: Responding to School Complexity Book

1	Problem or Opportunity?	1
	Problem Analysis in Education	1
	Leadership and Management in Problem Analysis	3
	Problem: A Working Definition	6
	The Dilemma as a Problem Indicator	9
	The Problem Situation	11
	Why Try to Find Problems?	12
	Mindful, Metacognitive, and Perhaps Even Intuitive	14
	Answers May Reveal Their Own Problems	19
	The Challenge of Good Problem Analysis: School Restructuring as an Example	20
	Incomplete Problem Finding?	22
	Conclusion	23
	Some Exercises To Integrate Raised Concepts	23
2	The Problem of the Problem	25
	Guiding Questions and Integrating Activity	28
	Problem Finding and the Enhancement of Creativity	28
	The Problem/Solution Nexus	34
	Integrating Activities	37
	Considering Getzels' Ideas of Problem	42
	Proceeding Along the Problem-Finding Path	42
	Symptoms Versus Problems	43
	"Schoolish"-Type and Work-Type Problems	44
	Frame, Reframe, and Refine the Issues	45
	The Role of Communication in Problem Finding	48
	Problem Finding is Creative: Have Some Fun, Too!	49
	Start the Problem-Finding Process: Integrating Activities	55
3	The Problem of the Solution	57
	Seek the Problem of the Solution	60
	Categorizing Problems	62
	The Problem Statement	66
	Four Guideline Questions to Help Structure Problems	68
	Clarifying Responses to Initial Problem Analyses	69
	The Identified Problem IS the Problem	70
	Identification of Likely Causes	74
	Searching for Relevant Information	77
	Validity and Reliability in Problem-Analysis Steps	77
	Structured and Unstructured Problems	79
	Some Models for Problem Solving	81
	Conceptual Flexibility and Complementary Associations	90
	Conclusion	92
	Case Study: How Far Does the School Go?	93
	Case Study: Student Discipline	95
	Case Study: Oversight or Negligence?	96
	Concluding Thoughts	98
4	Problem Sharing, Leadership in Decisions, and Change	99
	Problem Sharing	100
	Leadership in Decisions	105
	Internships and Practice as Problem-Analysis Sharing	106
	Rogue and Runaway (R+R) Problems	115
	Implementing Decisions for Change	130
5	Cases	135
	Instructions for the Cases	136
	Reflective Thinking	137
	Cases for Practice in Problem Analysis	137
Case 1	Fighting	138
Case 2	Safety and Special-Needs Students	140
Case 3	Mentor or Martinet?	142
Case 4	Sensitivity and Common Sense	143
Case 5	Intimidation or Legal Action?	144
	Wrapping Up	145
Appendix A	Reflectiveness in the Professions	147
	Reflective Practice	147
	Expanded Knowledge	149
Appendix B	An Example Employing the Problem Analysis Model in Figure 3.3	151
	Annotated Bibliography	155
	References	159