Winning Chess Tactics Book

Index

A
absolute pins, 35-38, 41, 60, 87, 89, 100, 209-10
active, 235
advanced combinations, 201, 203
advantage, 235
Alekhine, Alexander, 30, 45, 152, 157, 163-73, 175, 185
Alekhine's Defense, 30
algebraic notation, x, 235
analysis, 235
Anderssen, Adolf, 135-43, 145-46, 151, 156, 167
Andersson, Ulf, 189
annotation, 236
attacks, 236
    discovered, 9, 15, 84, 141, 153, 199, 207, 223, 238
        with pawns, 32
        against squares, 205
        and x-rays, 111, 113
    double, 6, 9, 22-32, 69, 108, 113, 147, 205, 238
        and batteries, 82
        by pawns, 29-32
    mating, 242
Averbakh, Yuri, 6

B
back rank
    checkmates, 66-69, 112, 136, 150-62, 215,223, 241
        and batteries, 82
    Kings on, 66
back rank, continued
    weak, 68-69, 76, 220, 224
        and x-rays, 111
basic tactics, 199
batteries, 79-88, 161
Berry, Jonathan, 107
Bishops
    on adjacent diagonals, 87
    forks, 20
    hanging, 11
    on open diagonals, 85-86
    opposite-colored, 243
    pairs, 236
    and Queens on diagonals, 86
    and Rook-Pawn vs. King, 128-29
blockades, 124-25, 236
blunders, 236
Botvinnik, Mikhail, 5, 106, 175, 185
Bradford, Texas Joe, 29
breakthrough, 236
    combinations, 91-93
building fortresses, 119, 122-30, 221
Burns, Amos, 158

C
Capablanca, Jos Ra£l, 40, 157, 163, 166, 209
captures, forced, 105-6, 208
capturing en passant, 239
castling, 61, 154, 165, 193
    Kingside, 237
    purpose of, 236
    Queenside, 237
castling, continued
    rule, 236
center, 237
Chajes, O., 164
chaturanga, 85
checks
    discovered, 12-14, 59, 114, 205, 214, 238
    double, 15, 55, 142, 206, 214, 224, 238
    perpetual, 57-60, 118, 150, 243, 247
        vs. pursuit, 119
    premature, 26
    when to avoid, 26
checkmate, 237
    back rank, 66-69, 112, 136, 150, 162, 178, 215, 223
        and batteries, 82
    discovered, 215
    double, 15
    pure, 140
    smothered, 54-55, 245
chess conventions, 37
chess notation. See algebraic notation
chess terms, 37
classical, 237
clearance sacrifices, 105-9, 156, 162, 217
closed
    files, 79
    games (see positions, closed)
combinations, 45, 14, 237
    advanced, 201, 203
    breakthrough, 91-93
combinations, breakthrough, continued
        sacrifices in, 92
    involving Kings, 51-69
    petite, 23, 33
    recognizing, 67
connected passed pawns. See pawns, connected passed
conventions, 37
correspondence chess, 18
counterplay, 238
cramp, 238
critical positions. See positions, critical

D
decoys, 99-103
defenses, 238. See also openings (or individual defense names)
deflection, 73-78, 181, 216
destroying King's cover, 61-65, 161
development, 145-147
    definition, 238
diagonals
    Bishop and Queen on, 86
    Bishops on adjacent, 87
    doubling on open, 79
    open, 79, 85-87, 146
discovered
    attacks, 9, 15, 141, 153, 199, 207, 223, 238
        with pawns, 32
        against squares, 205
        and x-rays, 111, 113
    checkmate, 15, 215
    checks, 12-15, 55, 59, 114, 142, 205, 206, 214, 224, 238
double attacks, 6, 9-33, 69, 108, 113, 147, 205, 238
        and batteries, 82
double attacks, continued
        by pawns, 29-32
doubled Rooks on 7th, 80, 228, 244
doubling
    on open files, 101
    on open lines, 79
    Rooks, 211
draws, 89, 119-30. See also stalemates; three-time repetition of position
    definition, 239
    forcing, 124
    material imbalance, 126-29
    perpetual check, 57-60
    stalemate, 51-55
    three-time repetition, 58, 119, 169

E
Elo rating, xi, 239
Elo, Arpad, 239
en passant
    example of, 83
    rule, 239
endgame, 239
English Opening, 164, 186
equality, 239
Evans Gambit, 140
Evergreen Game, The, 140
Exchange, the, 12, 42, 85, 166, 170, 205-6,208-9, 224, 239
exchanging, 239

F
Fédération Internationale des checs (FIDE), xi, 239
FIDE, xi, 239
files, 239
    closed, 79
    doubling on open, 79, 101
files, continued
    half-open, 79, 83, 240
    open, 79-83, 242
Fine, Reuben, 29, 151,157, 170
Fischer, Bobby, 26, 163, 169, 185
Flamberg, Alexander Davidovich, 152
flank, 239
Forbis, 179
force, 3, 240. See also material
forced, 240
    captures, 105-6, 208
    moves, 146
forcing
    draws, 124
    moves, 113, 121, 162
        to specific squares, 99
    stalemates, 128
    trades, 152
forks, 9, 18-26, 69, 75, 80, 101-2, 168, 170-71, 199, 206-8, 223
    Bishop, 20
    as combinations, 22
    King, 21
    Knight, 4, 19, 23-24
    pawn, 31-32, 53, 208
    Queen, 21
    Rook, 20
    royal, 19, 23, 96, 101-2, 107, 187, 218
    underpromoting to create, 95
fortresses, building, 119, 122, 221
French Defense, 154, 238, 247

G
gambits, 151, 158, 171, 240
Gheorghiu, Florian, 192
Grandmaster (GM), 240
Gurgenidze, Bukhuty Ivanovich, 182

H
half-open files, 79, 83, 240
hanging, 240
    Bishops, 11
    Knights, 37, 74
    Queens, 225
heavy pieces, 241
hole, 241
Hort, Vlastimil, 66
Hbner, Robert, 186
hypermodern, 167, 241

I
Immortal Game, The, 136
initiative, 237, 241
international chess federation, xi, 239
International Master (IM), 240
interposition, 21
intuition, 241

K
Karpov, Anatoly, 185, 192
Kasparov, Garry, 163,185-95
King's Gambit, 137
Kings
    and absolute pins, 35
    on back rank, 66
    vs. Bishop and Rook-Pawn, 128-29
    and castling, 61
    destroying cover of, 6165, 161, 213
    drawing into hostile territory, 61-64
    forks, 21
Kings, continued
    keeping out, 122
    vs. Knight and Rook-Pawn, 127-28
    making luft for, 67
    open, 51
    relative strength of, 122
    stalemated, 7
    tactics and combinations involving, 51-71
    vs. two Knights, 126-127
    weak, 6, 51
Kingside, 241
Knights
    forks, 4, 19, 23-24
    hanging, 37, 74
    and Rook-Pawn vs. King, 127-28
    two, vs. King, 126-27

L
Lasker, Emanuel, 4, 11, 97, 114, 157, 163, 171, 206
L'Hermet, R., 154
luft
    definition, 241
    making, 67

M
major pieces, 241
Marshall, Frank, 157-62
Master, 241
mate, 242. See also checkmate
material
    advantage, 240, 242
    definition, 240
    imbalances, 126-29
    point count system, 244
middlegame, 242
Miller, J., 176
minor pieces, 242
mobility, 242
Modern Benoni System, 182
Morphy, Paul, 143, 145-50, 156, 167
moves, 243-46
    forced, 146, 162
    forcing, 113, 121
    passive, 243

N
Nimzovich, Aaron, 45, 89, 236
notation. See algebraic notation

O
occupying squares, 242
open
    diagonals, 79, 85-87, 146
        doubling on, 79
    files, 79-83
        doubling on, 79, 101
        pins on, 211
    games. See positions, open
    Kings, 51
    positions. See positions, open
openings, 242-43
    and absolute pins, 35
    Alekhine's Defense, 30
    and Alexander Alekhine, 163
    CaroKann Defense, 238
    English Opening, 164, 186, 243
    Evans Gambit, 140
    French Defense, 154, 238, 247
    gambits, 137, 140, 151, 158, 171, 240
    and Garry Kasparov, 185
    King's Gambit, 137, 243
    Modern Benoni System, 182
openings, continued
    names of, 30
    Philidor Defense, 146
    Queen's Gambit Declined, 158, 171
    Queen's Indian Defense, Petrosyan System, 189, 193
    Scandinavian Defense, 36
    Sicilian Opening
        Dragon Variation, 180
    Tarrasch Defense, 160
    Two Knights' Defense, 176, 248
    Vienna Opening, 152
opposite-colored Bishops. See Bishops, opposite-colored
overextending, 243
overworked pieces, 73, 215

P
Parsons, Jeffrey, 55
passed pawns. See pawns, passed
pawn
    chains, 237
    structure, 3
        static factor, 246
pawns
    backward, 236
    capturing en passant, 239
    connected passed, 237
    as defenders, 74
    discovered attacks with, 32
    double attacks by, 29-32
    doubled, 238
    forks, 3132, 53, 208
    passed, 91, 120, 218, 243
        connected, 91
        protected, 244
    passing through, 91
    poisoned, 244
    power of, 89-97
pawns, continued
    promoting, 89-96, 218, 224, 231, 243-44 (see also pawns, underpromoting)
    protected passed, 244
    queening potential of, 31
    sacrificing, 120, 137, 141
        for Rooks on 7th, 80
    and stalemate, 127
    stopping, 236
    strength from weakness, 29-30
    trading for pieces, 31
    underpromoting, 94-96 (see also pawns, promoting)
        to avoid stalemate, 94-95
        to create forks, 95
        reasons for, 94
perpetual
    checks, 57-60, 118, 150 (see also checks, perpetual)
        vs. pursuits, 119
    pursuits, 119-121, 221
        vs. checks, 119
        definition, 243
petite combinations, 23
Petrosyan System of Queen's Indian Defense, 189, 193
Petrosyan, Tigran, 185
Philidor Defense, 146
Philidor, Fran ois-Andr Danican, 41, 146
philosophies
    classical, 237
    hypermodern, 241
pieces
    as defenders, 74-75
    heavy, 241
    major, 241
    minor, 242
pieces, continued
    overworked, 73, 215
    trapping, 129-30
    undefended, 7, 74
pigs, 244
    on 7th, 80, 244
pins, 15, 35-45, 69, 100, 142, 148, 165, 199, 206, 208, 210, 215
    absolute, 35-38, 41, 60, 87, 89, 100, 209-10
    and batteries, 82
    on open files, 211
    relative, 35, 38, 41-43, 209
    vs. skewers, 47
Pipe Game, The, 158
plans, 244
playing styles, 246
point count system. See material, point count system
    in tournaments, 51
positional
    concepts, 151
    definition, 244
    players, 175
positions
    closed, 237
    cramping, 238
    critical, 238
    open, 242
    passive, 243
    sharp, 245
    simplifying, 245
    wild, 248
powerful pawns, 89-96
prepared variations. See variations, prepared
preventing sacrifices, 158
principles, 240
promoting pawns, 89-96, 218, 224, 231. See also pawns, promoting
promotion, 244. See also pawns, promoting
protected passed pawns. See pawns, protected passed
pure checkmate, 140
pursuits, perpetual, 119-21, 221
    vs. check, 119
    definition, 243

Q
Queen's Gambit Declined, 158, 171
Queen's Indian Defense, Petrosyan System, 189, 193
queening, 31, 89-93, 218. See also pawns, promoting
Queens
    and Bishops on diagonals, 86
    creating from pawns, 89-93
    developing too early, 36
    forks, 21
    hanging, 225
    sacrificing, 11, 24, 62, 64, 68, 76, 86
    vulnerability of, 121
Queenside, 244

R
ranks, 245
rating, 245. See also Elo rating
recognizing tactics and combinations, 67
relative pins, 35, 38, 41-43, 209
Reschevsky, Sammy, 119
resigning, 245
Reti, Richard, 167
romantic, 245
Rooks
    doubled on 7th rank, 80, 228
    doubling, 211
    ensuring activity of, 80
    forks, 20
    as King hunters, 63
    on 7th rank, 79, 216
        doubled, 80, 228
        sacrificing pawns for, 80
royal forks, 19, 23, 96, 10-12, 107, 187, 218, 245
Rubinstein, Akiba Kiwelowicz, 160, 233

S
sacrifices, 5, 9, 14, 22, 159, 208
    in breakthrough combinations, 92
    clearance, 105-9, 156, 162, 217, 237
    and decoys, 99-102
    definition, 245
    to draw out Kings, 61-62
    pawn, 120, 137, 141
        for Rooks on 7th, 80
    preventing, 158
    for promotion, 89, 91
    Queen, 11, 24, 62, 64, 68, 76, 86
    for stalemate, 52-53
Scandinavian Defense, 36
7th rank
    double Rooks on, 80
    importance of, 81
    pigs on, 80
    Rooks on, 79
        sacrificing pawns for, 80
Sicilian Opening
    Dragon Variation, 180
Silman, Jeremy, 6
Silman's Rules of Recognition, 6, 10, 14, 207
simplification, 212. See also trading
simultaneous games, 176, 179
skewers, 4749, 166, 199, 208, 211
    definition, 245
    vs. pins, 47
smothered checkmate, 54-55, 245
Smyslov, Vasily, 56, 175
space, 3
    advantage, 236
    count system, 246
    definition, 246
    static factor, 246
Spassky, Boris, 94, 185
Spielmann, Rudolf, 151-56, 157
squares, occupying, 242
stalemates, 7, 51-55, 85-86, 149, 212-13
    and a- and h-pawns, 127
    motion, 94-95
    definition, 246
    forcing, 128
    perils of, 64
    sacrifices to achieve, 52-53
    undesirable, 54
Steinitz, Wilhelm, 140, 143, 233
strategy, 246
structure, pawn, 3
studies, 17
style. See playing styles

T
tactics, 34
    basic, 199
    definition, 246
tactics, continued
    double attacks, 9-32
    forks, 18
    involving Kings, 51-69
    recognizing, 67
Tal, Mikhail, 107, 175-84, 185
Tarrasch Defense, 160
tempo, 246. See also time
terms, 37
theory, 247
three-time repetition of position, 58, 119, 169, 213, 247
tied game. See draws
time, 246
    controls, 247
    definition, 247
    limits, 247
    loss of, 246
    pressure, 247
tournaments, point count, xi, 51
trades, forcing, 152
trading, 74, 138
    advantages of, 13
    even, 36
    exchange, 239
    pawns for pieces, 31
    simplification, 212
transposition, 247
trapping pieces, 129-30
traps, 168, 247
Troitzky, Alexei Alexeyevich, 17
Two Knights' Defense, 176, 248

U
undefended pieces, 7, 74
underpromoting, 218
    definition, 248
    pawns, 94-96
        to avoid stalemate, 94-95
        to create forks, 95
        reasons for, 94

V
variations
    calculating, 236
    definition, 248
    prepared, 244
Vienna Opening, 152
Von Bardeleben, Curt, 233

W
weak
    back rank, 68-69, 76,220, 224
        and x-rays, 111
    King, 6, 51
weaknesses, 248
windmills, 111, 114-15, 220
Wizard of Riga, 107
World Champions
    Alekhine, Alexander, 30, 163
    Botvinnik, Mikhail, 5, 106, 175, 185
    Capablanca, Jos Ra£l, 166, 209
    Fischer, Bobby, 26, 185
    Karpov, Anatoly, 185, 192
    Kasparov, Garry, 185-95
    Lasker, Emanuel, 4, 11, 114
    rating of, 239
    Smyslov, Vasily, 175
    Steinitz, Wilhelm, 140
    Tal, Mikhail, 107, 175-84

X
x-rays, 111-13, 220, 233
    and discovered attacks, 111, 113
    and weak back rank, 111

Y
Youngworth, Perry, 103

Z
zugzwang, 210, 248
zwischenzug, 117-18, 121, 225, 248