Voice and Self : A Handbook of Personal Voice Development Therapy Book

	Preface	x
Part I	Concept
1.	Voice and Self	3
	'Personare'	3
	Voice and Self as Instrument	4
	Voice and Self in Treatment	6
2.	Person-Oriented Voice Therapy-PVT	8
	Basic Idea	8
	From Voice Function to the Self	8
	From Person to Voice Function	11
	The First Step into Person-oriented Voice Work	12
	Embarking on Self-reflection	13
	Understanding What the Voice Wants to Say	15
	Taking Charge and Responsibility for One's Own Treatment	17
	The Functional and Personal(ity) Levels of Voice Therapy Exercises	17
	Functional Level	18
	Personal Level	19
	Concentrated Work on the Body as a Basis of PVT	20
	Functional and Personal Meaning of Work on the Body	20
	Proprioception and Imagination	21
	Substance and Objectives of Work on the Body in PVT	22
	The Relationship Between Therapist and Client in PVT	25
	The Therapist as a Person	25
	The Therapist as Method	26
	The Relationship between Therapist and Client	26
	Consequences for Therapeutical Work on the Voice	27
	Transfer as a Consciously Executed, Permanent Process of Change	28
	The Problem of Transfer	28
	Transfer as a Process of Behavioural Change	29
	Voice Awareness as the Objective of Vocal Work	30
Part II	Anatomical and Physiological Aspects Seen from Functional and Personal Perspectives
3.	Outline	36
4.	Breathing	38
	Quiet Breathing	38
	Inspiration	38
	Expiration	39
	Abdomen-Flanks Breathing	39
	Rhythm of Breathing	40
	Speech Breathing	40
	Valve Function of Voice and Articulation	41
	Reflex Breath Completion	41
	Breath Rhythm Timed Phonation	42
	Inspiratory Countertension during Phonation (Support)	42
5.	Voice Production (Phonation)	44
	A Tone is Formed from Air	44
	Closure of the Vocal Folds	44
	Vocal Fold Vibration	45
	Pitch	47
	Volume	48
	Interfering Factors	48
	Sound is Created from a Tone	49
	Resonance in the Vocal Tract	49
	Upper Partials	50
	Tonal Colour (Timbre)	51
6.	Articulation	52
	Articulatory Organs	52
	Formation of Speech Sounds	52
	Articulation as a Means of Expression	53
7.	Tonus and Intention	55
	Body Tension and Intention	55
	Body Tension and Posture	56
Part III	Exercises
8.	Introduction to Exercises	59
	Sources of the Exercises	59
	Division of the Collection of Exercises	60
	Description of the Exercises	61
	The Functional Level	61
	The Personal Level	61
9.	Collection of Exercises	63
	Tonus
	Regulation of tonus	65
Exercise 1	Lying down	65
Exercise 2	Comparing tonus	67
Exercise 3	Sitting	69
Exercise 4	Standing	71
Exercise 5	Massaging the feet	73
	Work on the spinal column	75
Exercise 6	Shifting pressure using the ground	75
Exercise 7	Pressing into the ground	77
	Physiological posture when sitting, standing and walking	79
Exercise 8	Sitting	79
Exercise 9	Standing	81
Exercise 10	Walking	83
	Work on the abdominal-pelvic region	85
Exercise 11	Sensitising the sacrum	85
Exercise 12	Rotating the pelvis	87
Exercise 13	Centring	89
	Loosening of the musculature of the shoulders, neck and throat	91
Exercise 14	Lying down	91
Exercise 15	Sitting	93
Exercise 16	Loosening up the shoulders	95
	Loosening of the area of articulation and phonation	96
Exercise 17	With a stick	96
Exercise 18	With hands	98
Exercise 19	Sinus exercise	99
Exercise 20	Relaxing in the throat region	101
	Breathing	103
	Rhythm of breath and breathing areas	104
Exercise 21	Quiet breathing	104
Exercise 22	Expansion of breathing areas	106
	Breath Rhythm Timed Phonation according to Coblenzer and Muhar	108
Exercise 23	Perceiving reflex breath completion	108
Exercise 24	Practising relaxation	110
Exercise 25	With words and sentences	112
Exercise 26	Apportioning of texts	114
	Inspiratory countertension (support)	116
Exercise 27	Consciousness of countertension	116
Exercise 28	Sounding into the pelvis	118
	Phonation	121
	Producing Resonance Space in the Vocal Tract	122
Exercise 29	Yawning exercise	122
Exercise 30	Drinking exercise	123
	Physiological speaking voice register	125
Exercise 31	Humming	125
Exercise 32	Chewing exercise	127
	Perception of resonance throughout the whole body	129
Exercise 33	Vowel spaces	129
Exercise 34	Directional sounding of tones	131
	Resonance throughout the whole body while speaking	133
Exercise 35	With syllables	133
Exercise 36	With words	135
Exercise 37	Series of words and sentences	137
	Position of sound, vowels and syllables	139
Exercise 38	Consciousness of the position of sound	139
Exercise 39	Use of vowels	141
Exercise 40	Final syllables	143
	Work on the dynamics of the voice and the capacity to modulate	145
Exercise 41	Increasing sound level	145
Exercise 42	Modulation	147
Exercise 43	Calling voice	149
	Articulation	151
Exercise 44	Formation of vowels	152
Exercise 45	Being conscious of consonant formation	154
Exercise 46	Speaking with a cork in your mouth	155
Exercise 47	Forming of consonants	156
10.	Suggestions for the Transfer	158
	Transfer Exercises	158
	Balance between Attention Directed Internally and Externally	158
	Increasing Level of Difficulty	159
	Aids and Options for Transfer	160
Part IV	Therapeutic Procedure in PVT
11.	The Structure of Therapy	165
12.	Conducting the Exercises	167
	Selecting an Exercise	167
	Exercise Procedure	169
	Motivation of Clients	169
	The Subject of 'Demonstrating--Imitating'	169
	Using Experimenting as a Method	170
	'Homework'	170
	Work on the Personal Level	172
	Reflection	172
	Reacting to Reflection	174
	The Boundary between PVT and Psychotherapy	174
13.	Personal Aspects of Specific Disorders	177
	Organic Voice Disorders	177
	The Functional Side of Organic Voice Disorders	177
	Personal and Organic Voice Disorders	179
	Disorders of Children's Voices	181
	Working with Children	181
	Working with Parents	182
	Disorders of the Singing Voice	183
	The Singing Voice as a Special Function	183
	Amateur Singers in Voice-therapeutic Treatment	185
	Taking Care of the Voice	186
	Of the Fortune and Misfortune of Professional Singers	186
	Professional Singers in Voice Therapy	187
14.	Goals of PVT	190
	What to Expect from Voice Therapy	190
	Consequences for the Procedural Method	191
	Understanding and Aims of Voice Therapy within PVT	191
	Bibliography	193
	Index	197