International Environmental Disputes: A Reference Handbook Book

	Preface and Acknowledgments
1	International Environmental Law in Context	1
	Sources of International Law	4
	Before 1941	8
	1941: The Trail Smelter Arbitration	14
	1941-1972: From the Trail Smelter Arbitration to the Stockholm Declaration	16
	1972: The Stockholm Declaration	19
	1972-Present: After Stockholm	20
	The Role of the United Nations and Its Specialized Agencies	24
	Fundamental Concepts in International Environmental Law	27
	Rule-Making, Enforcement, and Dispute Resolution	27
	The "North-South" Conflict: The Underlying Tension between Environment and Development	31
	Sustainable Development and Related Concepts	33
	Philosophical Approaches to International Environmental Law	37
	Summary	38
	Sources and Further Reading	39
	Books and Articles	39
	Treaties and Other International Agreements	43
	Other International Materials	45
2	Problems, Controversies, and Solutions	49
	The Classic Model of International Dispute Resolution: The Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Dispute	51
	Other International Environmental Problems in Central and Eastern Europe: The Tisza Cyanide Spill	60
	Agricultural Policy and Foreign Trade: Irreconcilable Differences?	62
	Antarctica: A Successful Mature Treaty Regime	68
	Atmospheric Pollution: Two Qualified Successes and One Partial Failure	70
	Transboundary Air Pollution	70
	Ozone Depletion	71
	Climate Change	73
	Biodiversity and Biopiracy	79
	Other Areas of Dispute	85
	Disposal of Toxic and Hazardous Substances on Land	86
	Fresh Water	88
	The Ocean	89
	Space	91
	Summary	93
	Sources and Further Reading	94
	Books and Articles	94
	Treaties and Other International Agreements	99
	Other International Materials	102
3	Special Issues for the United States	105
	International Law in U.S. Practice	106
	Treaties	106
	Custom	107
	Foreign Law in U.S. Courts	109
	Extraterritorial Application of U.S. Environmental Laws	110
	The Comprehensive Environmental Resource Control and Liability Act (CERCLA)	114
	The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)	115
	The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)	116
	The Environment and Trade: The Case of the Everglades	118
	The Environment and War	121
	Pancevo	122
	Depleted Uranium	125
	Is a Fifth Geneva Convention Needed?	127
	Summary	127
	Sources and Further Reading	128
	Books and Articles	128
	Cases, Statutes, and Other U.S. Legal Materials	131
	Treaties and Related Documents	132
	Other International Materials	133
	Other U.S. Materials	133
4	Chronology	135
5	Biographical Sketches	157
	Tom Beanal (1947-)	158
	Gro Harlem Brundtland (1939-)	161
	Akiko Domoto (1932-)	163
	Bjorn Lomborg (1965-)	165
	Vera Mischenko (1953-)	168
	Harrison Ngau Laing	170
	Ken Saro-Wiwa (1941-1995)	172
	Marina Silva (1958-)	176
	Janos Vargha (1949-) and Duna Kor	178
	Sources and Further Reading	180
6	Treaties, Cases, Reports, and Other Documents	185
	Sources of International Law	185
	Statute of the International Court of Justice, Articles 38 and 59	185
	The Restatement (Third) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States, [section section]102-03	186
	Treaties	190
	Antarctic Treaty	190
	Antarctic Treaty Environmental Protection Protocol	192
	Basel and Bamako Conventions	193
	ENMOD	200
	Kuwait Regional Convention for Co-operation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution	201
	Law of the Sea Convention	203
	Outer Space Treaty	209
	Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949	210
	Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions of 1949	211
	Rome Statute on the International Criminal Court	212
	International Courts and Tribunals	214
	Corfu Channel Case	214
	Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Case	215
	Trail Smelter Arbitration	220
	Final Report of the Office of the Prosecutor for the International Criminal Court for the Former Yugoslavia Regarding Possible NATO War Crimes	221
	Other International Materials	226
	Bogota Declaration	226
	Rio Declaration	231
	Stockholm Declaration	236
	U.S. Cases	237
	Beanal v. Freeport-McMoRan	237
	Environmental Defense Fund, Inc. v. Massey	242
7	Directory of Organizations, Associations, and Agencies	251
	Intergovernmental Organizations	252
	Treaty Secretariats	262
	Nongovernmental Organizations	267
8	Selected Print and Nonprint Resources	273
	Books (General)	274
	Books (Reference and Directories)	279
	Journals	281
	Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper Articles and Occasional Papers	302
	Treaties and Other International Agreements	308
	Other International Materials	312
	U.S. Materials	314
	Cases	314
	Statutes and Other Materials	315
	Web Resources	316
	Index	319
	About the Author	341