Computing with Social Trust Book

Table of Contents

Introduction to Computing with Social Trust Jennifer Golbeck

The Need for Social Trust

Challenges to Computing with Social Trust

Future Questions

Conclusions

References

Part I Models of Social Trust

Examining Trust, Forgiveness and Regret as Computational Concepts Stephen Marsh and Pamela Briggs

Introduction

Why is Trust Important? Why a Formalization?

A Parable of The Modern Age

A Brief Sojourn to ‘Human Factors’: Why Not Call it

Trust After All

Trust as Was

What Can’t Trust Give Us?

Trust As Is, Part Zero: The Dark Side

Distrust

Mistrust

Untrust

Ignorance is

The Continuum, Revisited

Continuing a Difficult Relationship

Regret

What Regret Is

The Many Faces of Regret

Modeling Regret

Trust as Is, Part One: Building Regret into Trust

Forgiveness and The Blind and Toothless

What Forgiveness Is

A Model of Forgiveness

Trust As Is, Part Two: The Incorporation of Forgiveness

The Trust Continuum, Revised: The Limits of

Forgiveness

Applications: Revisiting the Parable and Imagining the Future

The Parable at Work

Regret Management

Related Work

Trust as Will Be: Future Work and Conclusions

References

A non-reductionist approach to trust Cristiano Castelfranchi, Rino Falcone, and Emiliano Lorini

Introduction

Desiderata for a logical model of social trust

A logic for trust reasoning

Syntax and semantics

Axiomatization

Possibility orders over formulas

Execution preconditions for action execution

A formal ontology of Trust

Core trust

Distrust, lack of trust and mistrust

Delegation and decision to trust

Comparative trust

Conclusion

References

Social Trust of Virtual Identities Jean-Marc Seigneur

Introduction

Identity Terminology

Computational Trust Terminology

Flawed Trust Computation due to Simplistic Identity Approach

Computational Trust under Identity Usurpation and Multiplicity Attacks

Remaining ASUP Issues due to Identity Shortcomings

Entification: Bridging Trust and Virtual Identities

Recognition rather than Authentication

End-to-End Trust

Means for Recognition Adaptation

Encouraging Privacy and Still Supporting Trust

Accuracy and Attack-Resistance of the Trust Values

Entification Framework Evaluation

Trust Transfer Applied to the Email Domain

ASUP Evaluation

Conclusion

References

Part II Propagation of Trust

Attack resistant trust metrics Raph Levien

Introduction

Attack resistance

Redundant certification paths

3 Group trust metric

Proof of attack resistance

Implementation in Advogato

Eigenvector trust metrics

Shastic model of PageRank

Attack resistance of PageRank

Advogato’s eigenvector metric

References

On Propagating Interpersonal Trust in Social Networks Cai-Nicolas Ziegler

Introduction

Trust in Social Networks

Classification of Trust Metrics

Semantic Web Trust

Local Group Trust Metrics

Outline of Advogato Maxflow

Appleseed Trust Metric

Comparison of Advogato and Appleseed

Parameterization and Experiments

Implementation and Extensions

Testbed for Local Group Trust Metrics

Distrust

Semantics of Distrust

Incorporating Distrust into Appleseed

Discussion

Acknowledgements

References

The Ripple Effect: Change in Trust and Its Impact over a Social Network Jennifer Golbeck and Ugur Kuter

Introduction

Trust Inference Algorithms

Local vs Global

Central Authority vs. Group vs. Individual

Computation Methods

Algorithms Studied

Inference Algorithms Based on Matrix Arithmetic

Network-Path Inference Algorithms

Experimental Setup

Results

Number and Distance of Changes

The Magnitude of Change

Influence of the Network Structure

Other Changes in Trust Inference

Discussion and Conclusions

References

Part III Applications of Trust

Eliciting Informative Feedback: The Peer-Prediction Method Nolan Miller and Paul Resnick and Richard Zeckhauser

Introduction

A Mechanism for Eliciting Honest Feedback

The Base Case

Eliciting Effort and Deterring Bribes

Voluntary Participation and Budget Balance

Extensions

Sequential Interaction

Continuous Signals

Issues in Practical Application

Risk Aversion

Choosing a Scoring Rule

Estimating Types, Priors, and Signal Distributions

Taste Differences Among Raters

Non-Common Priors and Other Private Information

Other Potential Limitations

Conclusion

References

Proofs

Eliciting Effort

References

Capturing Trust in Social Web Applications John O’Donovan

Introduction

Research on Trust in the Social Web

Trust Sources on the Social Web

Source 1: Modeling Trust from Ratings in ACF Recommender Systems

Combining Trust in ACF

Capturing Profile-Level & Item-Level Trust

Trust-Based Recommendation

Evaluation

Building Trust

Recommendation Error

Discussion

Source 2: Extracting Trust From Online Auction Feedback Comments

The AuctionRules Algorithm

Evaluation

Setup

Comparing AuctionRules With Machine Learning Techniques

Coverage and Distribution Experiments

Discussion

Source 3: Extracting Trust through an Interactive Interface

Fair Representation of Genre Information

Visualising Trust Relations in PeerChooser

Implementation

Evaluation

Experimental Data

Rating Distributions

Procedure

Recommendation Accuracy

Comparison of different Trust Sources

Conclusions

References

Trust Metrics in Recommender Systems Paolo Massa and Paolo Avesani

Introduction

Motivations

Our proposal: Trust-aware Recommender Systems

Trust networks and trust metrics

An Architecture of Trust-aware Recommender Systems

How trust alleviates RS weaknesses

Related work

Empirical validation

Dataset used in experiments: Epinions

New evaluation measures

Results of the experiments

Discussion of results

Conclusions

References

Trust and Online Reputation Systems Ming Kwan and Deepak Ramachandran

Introduction

What is trust?

The Complex World of Online Trust

Learning to gauge intention

Evaluating and Validating Competence

Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0

How can it help me?

The New Model of Online Trust

Reputation

Trouble in Paradise—the SAP Developer Network

When to use reputation as the basis for trust

Relationship

Social Networking

Opening up APIs

Exploiting the value of social networks

iLike...to share...and lend

Sponsored Groups

When to use relationship as the basis for trust

Process

Caught in the act - reinforcing process

So What?

When to use process as the basis for trust

A recipe for online trust based on three ingredients

References

Internet Based Community Networks: Finding the Social in Social Networks K. Faith Lawrence

Introduction

Defining Community in the Age of Social Networks

Visualising Community

Communities, Groups and Networks

Community Trust

Conclusion

References