Introduction to Computer Graphics Book

List of Figures     xiii
Introduction     1
Application fields     1
From a real scene to an image     3
Organisation of the book     4
Basic principles of two-dimensional graphics     7
Raster versus vector graphics     7
The first Java 2D program     10
Basic geometric objects     14
Basic geometric objects in Java 2D     17
Geometric transformations     23
Homogeneous coordinates     28
Applications of transformations     31
Geometric transformations in Java 2D     33
Animation and movements based on transformations     37
Movements via transformations in Java 2D     39
Interpolators for continuous changes     41
Implementation of interpolators in Java 2D     44
Single or double precision     45
Exercises     48
Drawing lines and curves     49
Lines and pixel graphics     49
The midpoint algorithm for lines     52
Structural alogorithms     60
Pixel densities and line styles     63
Different line styles with Java 2D     66
Line clipping     67
Themidpoint algorithm for circles     75
Drawing arbitrary curves     79
Antialiasing     80
Antialiasing with Java 2D     82
Drawing thick lines     83
Drawing thick lines with Java 2D     84
Exercises     86
Areas, text and colours     87
Filling areas     87
Buffered images in Java 2D     91
Double buffering in Java 2D     92
Loading and saving of images with Java 2D     94
Textures in Java 2D     95
Displaying text     96
Text in Java 2D     97
Grey images and intensities     99
Colour models     101
Colours in Java 2D     106
Colour interpolation     107
Colour interpolation with Java 2D     110
Exercises     112
Basic principles of three-dimensional graphics     113
From a 3D world to a model     113
Geometric transformations     115
Java 3D     118
Geometric transformations in Java 3D     119
The scenegraph     120
Elementary geometric objects in Java 3D     123
The scenegraph in Java 3D      124
Animation and moving objects     130
Animation in Java 3D     133
Projections     139
Projections in Java 3D     146
Exercises     147
Modelling three-dimensional objects     149
Three-dimensional objects and their surfaces     149
Topological notions     152
Modelling techniques     154
Surface modelling with polygons in Java 3D     159
Importing geometric objects into Java 3D     162
Parametric curves and freeform surfaces     163
Parametric curves     164
Efficient computation of polynomials     170
Freeform surfaces     171
Normal vectors for surfaces     173
Normal vectors in Java 3D     176
Exercises     178
Visible surface determination     179
The clipping volume     179
Clipping in Java 3D     182
Principles of algorithms for visible surface determination     183
Image-precision and object-precision algorithms     183
Back-face culling     184
Spatial partitioning     186
Image-precision techniques     187
The z-buffer algorithm     187
Scan line technique for edges     190
Ray casting     192
Priority algorithms     195
Exercises     199
Illumination and shading     201
Light sources     202
Light sources in Java 3D     206
Reflection     208
Shading in Java 3D     216
Shading     218
Constant and Gouraud shading in Java 3D     222
Shadows     222
Transparency     224
Transparency in Java 3D     226
Textures     227
Textures in Java 3D     229
The radiosity model     231
Ray tracing     236
Exercises     238
Special effects and virtual reality     239
Fog and particle systems     240
Fog in Java 3D     242
Dynamic surfaces     243
Interaction     245
Interaction in Java 3D     245
Collision detection     249
Collision detection in Java 3D     250
Sound effects     256
Sound effects in Java 3D     257
Stereoscopic viewing     258
Exercises     263
Useful links      265
Example programs     267
References to Java 2D classes and methods     273
References to Java 3D classes and methods     275
Bibliography     277
Index     281