Energy, Environment and Development Book

List of Figures, Tables and Boxes vii

Foreword to the Second Edition xxi

Foreword Achim Steiner xxiii

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xxv

1 Connections 1

2 Energy 3

Forces

Concept of energy

The expansion of gases and the evolution of steam engines

Power

The laws of thermodynamics

3 Energy and Human Activities 35

The energy cost of satisfying basic human needs

Energy consumption as a function of income

Energy consumption in rural areas and in peri-urban households

4 Energy Sources 45

Classification of the sources of energy

Energy balances

Energy resources and reserves

Energy consumption per inhabitant

5 Energy and Development 65

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and National Accounting

Economic growth

Disparities in income distribution

Quality of life and the Kuznets curve

Human Development Index (HDI)

The relationship for energy-development

Energy intensity: energy and economic product

6 Energy: The Facts 101

Environmental impacts due to energy production and use

Qualification of environmental impacts in function of income

Local urban pollution

Regional pollution

Global aspects: the greenhouse effect

Occupational pollution

7 Energy and the Environment: The Causes 181

Indicators

Contribution by sources

8 Technical Solutions 243

Energy efficiency

Technological advances in power production

Renewable energies

Transportation

Industry and other stationary pollution sources

Electricity consumption in residential, commercial and public sectors

Combatting deforestation

9 Policies to Reduce Environmental Degradation 337

Geographical scale of impacts

Environmental law and energy

Environmental support capacity: management by quality

Environmental protection costs

The cost of climate change

Energy policies

Integrated resource planning

Barriers for emission reduction and overcoming policies

Control of deforestation

10 World Energy Trends 381

Projections

Conclusions from the outlooks

Technological change

Energy intensity trends

11 Energy and Lifestyles 403

Lifestyle and consumption patterns

Consumer profiles

12 Energy and the Science Academies 413

Annex 1 Energy, Environment and Development Timeline 417

Annex 2 Conversion Units 429

Index 441