Hate Crime: Concepts, Policy, Future Directions Book

List of tables, figures and case studies ix

Abbreviations xi

Acknowledgements xiii

Notes on contributors xv

Future developments for hate crime thinking: who, what and why? Neil Chakraborti 1

Part 1 Developing Understandings of Hate Crime

1 The more things change … post-9/11 trends in hate crime scholarship Barbara Perry 17

2 The victimisation of goths and the boundaries of hate crime Jon Garland 40

3 Future challenges for hate crime policy: lessons from the past Hannah Mason-Bish 58

4 Homophobic hate crime in Northern Ireland Marian Duggan 78

5 Verbal and textual hostility in context Nicole Asquith 99

6 Hate crime offenders Jack McDevitt Jack Levin Jim Nolan Susan Bennett 124

Part 2 Developing Responses to Hate Crime

7 Law enforcement and hate crime: theoretical perspectives on the complexities of policing 'hatred' Nathan Hall 149

8 From hate to 'Prevent': community safety and counter-terrorism Derek McGhee 169

9 Hate crime victims and hate crime reporting: some impertinent questions Kris Christmann Kevin Wong 194

10 Racial aggravation or aggravating racism: overcoming the disjunction between legal and subjective realities David Gadd 209

11 Healing harms and engendering tolerance: the promise of restorative justice for hate crime Mark Walters Carolyn Hoyle 228

Index 249