Corporate Crime: A Reference Handbook Book

Preface     xi
Background and History     1
Corporate and White-Collar Crime Defined     2
Corporate Crime Typologies     5
History of Corporate Entities and Corporate Offending     6
The Corporation Today     12
Laws and Legal Origins of Corporate Crime     14
Recent Legislation     20
Sarbanes-Oxley Act     20
Criminal Antitrust Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act     21
Types of Corporate Crime     21
Fraud, Tax Evasion, and Economic Exploitation     21
Price Fixing, Price Gouging, and False Advertising     24
Corporate Theft, Exploitation, and Unfair Labor Practices     25
Violent Corporate Offenses     27
Unsafe Environmental Practices     28
Unsafe Consumer Products     28
Unsafe Working Conditions     31
Universities and Colleges as Corporate Offenders     31
Importance of Studying Corporate and White-Collar Crime     33
Conclusion     33
References     35
Problems, Controversies, and Solutions     41
Types of Corporate Crime and Definitional Problems     41
Should Corporations Be Held Socially Responsible?     44
Prosecution of Corporations     46
Problems with Criminal Justice System Control     51
Government Officials and Politicians as Corporate Offenders     54
Punishment of Corporate Crime     56
Remedies for Harm Done     58
Determining Fines     58
Probationary Sentences     58
Deferred Prosecutions     60
Measuring Corporate Crime     62
Sources of Data     63
Federal Sources     63
State and Municipal Sources     66
Detecting and Controlling Corporate Crime     67
Improving Current Methods     71
Conclusion     75
References     77
Worldwide Perspective     81
Corporate Offending outside the United States     81
Globalization and Its Effects on Corporate Offending Worldwide     84
The Extent of Corporate Offending in Other Countries     86
Political Corruption and Corporate Crime     88
Corporate Offending in Services, Development, and Post-Conflict Construction     91
Corporate Crime and Reconstruction in the Wake of Conflict     94
Rebuilding Iraq     95
Access to Health Care Worldwide      97
Corporate Crime and HIV/AIDS     99
Corporate Crime in Mexico's Public Health System     101
Health Care Reform: Colombia versus Venezuela     102
Recommendations for the Health Sector     102
What in the World Can Be Done?     104
Laws and Legislation against Corporate Offending around the World     104
Inter-American Convention against Corruption     107
The Global Organization of Parliamentarians against Corruption (GOPC)     109
United Nations Convention against Corruption     110
United Nations Global Compact     111
Other Resources in the Global Fight against Corruption     112
Detecting and Controlling Corporate Crime Worldwide     113
Prosecution of Corporations in Other Countries     114
Punishment of Corporations Worldwide     116
Conclusion     118
References     120
Chronology     127
Biographical Sketches     145
Henry Clayton     145
Marshall B. Clinard     145
Bernard Ebbers     146
Andrew Fastow     147
Alberto Fujimori     148
Gilbert Geis     149
L. Dennis Kozlowski     149
Kenneth Lay     150
Patrick Leahy     151
Ferdinand Marcos     152
Stephanie A. Martz     153
Paul J. McNulty     153
Robert F. Meier     154
Michael Milken     154
Slobodan Milosevic     155
Ralph Nader     156
Michael Oxley     157
Henry N. Pontell     157
John Rigas     158
Paul Sarbanes     159
Sally S. Simpson     159
Jeffrey K. Skilling     160
Adam Smith     160
Arlen J. Specter     161
Eliot Spitzer     162
Nadine Strossen     162
Mohammed Suharto     163
Edwin H. Sutherland     164
Larry D. Thompson     164
Gary Winnick     165
Peter C. Yeager     166
Data and Documents     167
Facts and Statistics on Corporate Crime     167
Government Documents and Reports     184
Executive Order 13271     185
Legislation Pertaining to Corporate Offending     186
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890     186
The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914     187
The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914     188
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002     189
Governmental Commentary on Corporate Offending     190
Deputy Attorney General Larry D. Thompson, 2002     190
Deputy Attorney General Paul J. McNulty, 2006     192
Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales, 2007     194
Quotes     195
Other Relevant Documents     196
References     197
Directory of Organizations     201
Resources     213
Print Resources     214
Books     214
Journal Articles     222
Dissertations     225
Magazines and Newsletters     226
Government Documents and Agency Publications     228
Nonprint Resources     232
Videos     232
Web Sites     233
Glossary     235
Index     241
About the Author     257