ABCs of CBM: A Practical Guide to Curriculum-Based Measurement Book

What Is CBM and Why Should I Do It?     1
What Will I Learn from This Book?     2
What Is CBM?     2
Why Were the Other Attributes, Like the Timing and Charting, Developed?     3
How Is CBM Different from Other Forms of Measurement?     5
Curriculum     5
Alterable Variables     6
Low-Inference Measures     6
Criterion-Referenced Measures     7
What Are the Main Advantages of CBM?     8
What Kind of Decisions Can I Make with CBM Data?     9
How Does CBM Relate to RTI?     9
So CBM Does Just About Everything?     10
Are There Different Types of CBM?     10
General Outcome Measures     10
Skills-Based Measures     11
Mastery Measures     12
I Have Never Seen CBM Being Used. If It's So Great, Why Isn't It More Popular?     14
Is CBM Used in Special Education or General Education?     16
Who Gives CBM Measures?     16
If I Want to Use CBM, Does This Mean I'll Need to Make Tests Out of the Instructional Materials I'm Using?     17
Where Do I Get CBM Materials?     18
CBM for Assessment and Problem Solving     19
What Do I Need to Know about Educational DecisionMaking?     20
What Is a Criterion-Referenced Test?     22
Are CBMs Standardized Tests?     24
How Reliable and Valid Is CBM?     24
Where Do They Get the Performance Standards Used in CBM?     25
How Can CBM Be Used for Screening/Benchmarking?     26
Screening Summary     27
How Can CBM Be Used for Progress Monitoring?     27
Progress Monitoring Summary     28
So Where Do We Go from Here?     29
How to Conduct Reading CBM     31
Overview of Why to Conduct Reading CBM     31
ORF CBM     32
Materials Needed to Conduct ORF CBM     32
Directions and Scoring Procedures for ORF CBM     35
Maze CBM     40
Materials Needed to Conduct Maze CBM     40
Directions and Scoring Procedures for Maze CBM     42
How Often Should ORF and Maze CBM Be Given?     44
How Much Time Does It Take to Administer and Score Reading CBM?     46
Expected Growth Rates and Norms for ORF and Maze CBM     46
How Much Progress Can We Expect in Reading?     46
Proficiency Levels or Benchmarks for Reading CBM     48
Norms for Reading CBM     48
Survey-Level Assessment with ORF CBM     51
How to Use the Information to Write Reading IEP Goals and Objectives     51
Frequently Asked Questions about Reading CBM     53
How to Conduct Early Reading CBM     55
Overview of Why to Conduct Early Reading CBM     55
Overview of Dibels Measures     56
Initial Sound Fluency and Phoneme Segmentation Fluency     56
Nonsense Word Fluency     57
Letter Naming Fluency     57
LSF CBM     57
Materials Needed to Conduct LSF CBM     57
Directions and Scoring Procedures for LSF CBM     59
WIF CBM     63
Materials Needed to Conduct WIF CBM     63
Directions and Scoring Procedure for WIF CBM     64
How Often Should LSF and WIF CBM Be Given?     67
How Much Time Does It Take to Administer and Score Early Reading CBM?     68
Expected Growth Rates and Norms for LSF and WIF CBM     68
Proficiency Levels or Benchmarks for Early Reading CBM     68
Norms for Early Reading CBM     68
How to Use the Information to Write Early Reading IEP Goals and Objectives     69
Frequently Asked Questions about Early Reading CBM     70
How to Conduct Spelling CBM   Tessie Rose      72
Overview of Why to Conduct Spelling CBM     72
Materials Needed to Conduct Spelling CBM     72
Spelling CBM Lists     73
Directions and Scoring Procedures for Spelling CBM     75
Directions for Spelling CBM     75
Scoring Spelling CBM     76
How Often Should Spelling CBM Be Given?     78
How Much Time Does It Take to Administer and Score Spelling CBM?     78
Expected Growth Rates and Norms for Spelling CBM     79
How Much Progress Can We Expect in Spelling?     79
Norms for Spelling CBM     80
How to Use the Information to Write Spelling IEP Goals and Objectives     80
Frequently Asked Questions about Spelling CBM     80
How to Conduct Writing CBM   Tessie Rose     84
Overview of Why to Conduct Writing CBM     84
Materials Needed to Conduct Writing CBM     85
Writing CBM Story Starters     85
Directions and Scoring Procedures for Writing CBM     88
Directions for Writing CBM     88
Scoring Writing CBM     88
How Often Should Writing CBM Be Given?     93
How Much Time Does It Take to Administer and Score Writing CBM?     93
Expected Growth Bates and Norms for Writing CBM     93
How to Use the Information to Write Writing IEP Goals and Objectives     94
Frequently Asked Questions about Writing CBM     94
How to Conduct Math CBM     97
Overview of Why to Conduct Math CBM     97
Materials Needed to Conduct Math CBM     98
Math CBM Sheets     98
Directions and Scoring Procedures for Math CBM     104
Directions for Math CBM     104
Scoring Math CBM     104
How Often Should Math CBM Be Given?     108
How Much Time Does It Take to Administer and Score Math CBM?     108
Expected Growth Rates and Norms for Math CBM     109
How Much Progress Can We Expect in Math?     109
Proficiency Levels or Benchmarks for Math CBM     109
Norms for Math CBM     109
Survey-Level Assessment with Math CBM     110
How to Use the Information to Write Math IEP Goals and Objectives     111
Special Considerations That Apply to Math CBM     112
Accuracy of Teacher/Examiner Copy     112
Setting Up Math CBM Sheets to Provide Potential Diagnostic Information     112
Early Numeracy     113
Concepts and Applications     115
Estimation      115
Frequently Asked Questions About Math CBM     116
Charting and Graphing Data to Help Make Decisions     118
Procedures and Materials Needed to Chart CBM Data     118
How to Set and Graph Goals     120
End-of-Year Benchmarks     120
Norms     121
Intraindividual Framework     122
Graphing Goals     123
How Often Should Data Be Collected?     123
Decision Rules to Help Educators Use the Data to Inform Instruction     124
Considerations for Graphing and Charting the Data in the Content Areas     126
The Use of CBM in Response to Intervention     126
Computerized Graphing and Data Management Systems     127
Material-Specific Programs     128
Material-Flexible Programs     129
Spreadsheet and Data Management Programs     130
Frequently Asked Questions about Charting and Graphing CBM Data     130
Planning to Use CBM-and Keeping It Going     132
Developing a Plan for Using CBM     132
Ten Steps to Using CBM before, during, and after Initial Implementation     133
Hints on How to Get CBM Going     138
Hints on How to Keep CBM Going     138
Frequently Asked Questions about Planning and Using CBM     139
Summary of Validity and Reliability Studies for CBM     141
Reproducible Quick Guides and Forms for Conducting CBM     143
References     163
Index     167