Burgerstein's Handbook of Nutrition: Micronutrients in the Prevention and Therapy of Disease Book

1	The Basic Principles of Micronutrition
	The Role of Micronutrients in Prevention and Therapy	2
	Mechanism of Action	3
	Variability in Micronutrient Requirements among Individuals	5
	Safety	6
2	Micronutrients in Foods
	Micronutrients in the Diets of Industrialized Countries	10
	The Difference between the Diet of Our Distant Ancestors and Our Diet Today	12
	Food Sources of Micronutrients	13
	Vegetables and Fruits	13
	Meat (Beef, Pork, Lamb, and Poultry)	14
	Eggs	14
	Milk and Milk Products	14
	Fish	15
	Cereals, Bread, Wheat Bran, and Wheat Germ	15
	Salt	17
	Vegetarian Diets	18
3	The Micronutrients
	Vitamins	22
	Vitamin A and Carotenoids	22
	Vitamin D	26
	Vitamin E	29
	Vitamin K	33
	Thiamin (Vitamin B1)	34
	Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)	37
	Niacin (Vitamin B3)	38
	Vitamin B6	41
	Folic Acid	45
	Vitamin B12	47
	Pantothenic Acid	50
	Biotin	52
	Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)	53
	Minerals and Trace Elements	58
	Calcium	58
	Magnesium	61
	Potassium	63
	Iron	65
	Zinc	69
	Copper	75
	Molybdenum	77
	Chromium	79
	Iodine	82
	Selenium	84
	Fluoride	87
	Fats and Fat-Related Compounds	89
	Essential Fatty Acids: Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids	89
	Choline and Lecithin	95
	Amino Acids	97
	Branched-Chain Amino Acids: Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine	97
	Arginine	99
	Lysine	100
	Glutamine	101
	Methionine	103
	Cysteine and Glutathione	105
	Phenylalanine and Tyrosine	107
	Tryptophan	109
	Taurine	111
	Carnitine	113
	Antioxidants and Free Radicals	115
	Free Radicals	115
	Antioxidants	116
	Coenzyme Q10	119
4	Micronutrition through the Life Cycle
	Planning a Pregnancy	122
	Nutrition and Birth Defects	123
	Prepregnancy Weight	123
	Pregnancy	124
	Oral Contraception before Pregnancy	124
	Role of the Placenta	124
	Fetal Growth	125
	Nutritional Needs during Pregnancy	125
	Micronutrient Deficiency and Its Effect on Pregnancy	127
	Dietary and Environmental Hazards during Pregnancy	128
	Maternal Health Problems during Pregnancy	130
	Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation during Pregnancy	131
	Summary	132
	Breastfeeding and Infancy	134
	Composition of Breast Milk	134
	Nutritional Needs during Breastfeeding	134
	Postpartum Depression	136
	Dietary Hazards: Caffeine and Alcohol	137
	Breastfeeding and Infant Health	137
	Nutrients of Special Importance for Infants	138
	Childhood and Adolescence	141
	Nutritional Needs	141
	Nutrition and Child Health	145
	Summary	147
	Aging and Longevity	148
	Aging	148
	Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Longevity	148
	Physical Changes of Aging and Their Impact on Nutritional Health	151
	Drugs and Nutritional Health	153
	Micronutrient Supplementation for Older Adults	154
5	Micronutrients as Prevention and Therapy
	Skin Care	158
	Introduction: Healthy Skin	158
	Dry Skin	158
	Aging Skin: Wrinkles and Age Spots	159
	Acne	159
	Psoriasis	160
	Eczema	162
	Eye and Ear Care	163
	Healthy Eyes	163
	Conjunctivitis and Styes	163
	Cataracts	164
	Glaucoma	165
	Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media)	165
	Oral Health	166
	Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease	166
	Dental Caries	167
	Canker Sores (Oral Aphthae)	168
	Digestive Disorders	169
	Constipation and Diverticulitis	169
	Gastroesophageal Reflux (Heartburn)	169
	Peptic Ulcer	170
	Gallstones	171
	Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease	172
	Obesity	174
	Cardiovascular Disease	175
	Introduction: Atherosclerosis	175
	Coronary Heart Disease	176
	Hypertension and Stroke	179
	Peripheral Vascular Disease (Intermittent Claudication)	181
	Disorders of Blood Sugar Regulation	182
	Diabetes	182
	Hypoglycemia	184
	Anemia	187
	Musculoskeletal Disorders	188
	Osteoarthritis	188
	Rheumatoid Arthritis	189
	Osteoporosis	191
	Muscle Cramps	192
	Infectious Diseases	194
	The Immune System	194
	Colds and Influenza	196
	Herpes Simplex Infection	197
	HIV Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)	198
	Cancer	200
	Allergic Disorders	203
	Allergic Rhinitis	203
	Asthma	203
	Food Allergies and Sensitivities	204
	Insomnia	206
	Nervous System Disorders I	207
	Migraine	207
	Learning Disabilities	209
	Carpal Tunnel Syndrome	209
	Hyperactivity	210
	Epilepsy	211
	Nervous System Disorders II	213
	Parkinson's Disease	213
	Multiple Sclerosis	214
	Memory and Concentration Loss	215
	Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease	216
	Psychiatric Disorders	218
	Anxiety and Nervous Tension	218
	Depression	218
	Women's Health	220
	Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)	220
	Fibrocystic Breast Disease	221
	Oral Contraceptives	222
	Cervical Dysplasia (Abnormal Pap Smear)	223
	Menopause	223
	Breast Cancer	224
	Urinary Tract Disorders	226
	Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)	226
	Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)	227
	Stress and Fatigue	229
	Infertility	231
	Females	231
	Males	232
	Cigarette Smoking	233
	Heavy Alcohol Consumption	235
	Exposure to Heavy Metals	237
	Lead	238
	Aluminum	238
	Mercury	238
	Cadmium	239
	Minimizing Exposure to Toxic Metals	239
	Exercise and Sport	241
	Energy Sources: Carbohydrate and Fat	241
	Carbohydrate "Loading"	242
	The Pre-Event Meal	243
	Fluids	243
	Protein for Bodybuilding	243
	Vitamins and Minerals	244
	Appendix
Appendix I	Drug-Micronutrient Interactions	248
Appendix II	Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions	253
Appendix III	Laboratory Diagnosis of Micronutrient Status	256
	Index	263