Corpus Linguistics at Work Book

	Acknowledgements
1	Introduction	1
	Corpus linguistics: between theory and methodology	1
	An empirical approach to the description of language use	2
	Language as function in context	4
	The input of the new technologies	5
	Different corpora for different purposes	6
2	Language teaching	14
	When the corpus does not prove the point: the example of any	15
	Defining extended units of meaning: the example of fickle and flexible	18
	Extended units and meaning disambiguation: the example of all but	25
	Extended units and communicative grammar: the example of except that	29
	Extended units of meaning - a view of synonyms as false friends: the example of largely vs broadly	33
	The cumulative side of usage and syllabus design	40
	Conclusion: discovery procedures, changing roles and self-access	41
3	Corpus issues	47
	The rise of corpus linguistics	50
	Corpus definition	52
	Issues: authenticity	55
	Issues: representativeness	57
	Issues: sampling	59
4	The Corpus-based approach	65
	Definition	65
	Insulation	68
	Standardisation	71
	Instantiation	74
	Discussion - the corpus-based approach	78
5	The corpus-driven approach	84
	Definitions	87
	Word and lemma	92
6	Item and environment	101
	Extended units of meaning	103
	Extended units of meaning: the example of the naked eye	104
	Extended units of meaning: the example of proper	106
	Semantic prosodies	111
	Semantic prosodies: the example of andare incontro	113
	Delexicalisation	116
	Delexicalisation: the example of real	118
	Delexicalisation: the example of bel	120
	Ideology	123
7	Working with corpora across languages	131
	Progressive steps between form and function	132
	The example of in (the) case (of) and its Italian equivalents	136
	The example of real and its Italian equivalents	144
	Items and their collocates: a web of relations across languages	150
8	The contextual theory of meaning	157
9	Historical landmarks in meaning	165
	The historical and evolutionist period	166
	European structuralism: Saussure	167
	The structuralist approach to meaning - Bloomfield and Zelig Harris	170
	Format grammars - Chomsky	173
10	Conclusion	177
	Corpus-driven linguistics (CDL): position statement	177
	Goals	177
	Standpoint	178
	Methodology	178
	Categories	179
	Body of knowledge	179
	This book: assumptions and issues	180
	References	187
App. 1	Concordance of all but	203
App. 2	Exercise of all but	205
App. 3	Exercise on except that	206
App. 4	Concordance of proper	207
App. 5	Concordance of andare incontro	209
App. 6	Concordance of in the case of	211
App. 7	Concordance of nel caso di/del/della, etc	213
App. 8	Concordance of in case of	215
App. 9	Concordance of in caso di	217
	Index	219