CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide (CCNA IUWNE 640-721) Book

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Introduction xx

Part I Wireless LAN Fundamentals 2

Chapter 1 Introduction to Wireless Networking Concepts 5

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 5

Foundation Topics 8

Wireless Local-Area Networks 8

How Bandwidth Is Achieved from RF Signals 8

Unlicensed Frequency Bands Used in WLANs 9

900 MHz 11

2.4 GHz 11

5 GHz 12

Modulation Techniques and How They Work 12

DSSS 12

MIMO 16

Dynamic Rate Shifting 17

Sending Data Using CSMA/CA 17

Exam Preparation Tasks 18

Review All Key Concepts 18

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 18

Definition of Key Terms 18

Chapter 2 Standards Bodies 21

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 21

Foundation Topics 24

Wireless Standards and Regulatory Committees 24

FCC 24

ETSI 25

IEEE 27

Wi-Fi Certification 27

Exam Preparation Tasks 28

Review All the Key Topics 28

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 28

Definition of Key Terms 28

Chapter 3 WLAN RF Principles 31

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 31

Foundation Topics 34

Characteristics of Wireless Networks 34

Review of Wavelength 34

Review of Frequency 34

Review of Amplitude 35

What Is Effective Isotropic Radiated Power? 35

Influences on Wireless Transmissions 35

Understanding the Free Path Loss Model 35

Understanding Absorption 36

Understanding Reflection 38

Understanding Multipath 39

Understanding Scattering 39

Understanding Refraction 40

Understanding Line of Sight 41

Determining Signal Strength Influences 42

The Fresnel Zone 42

Received Signal Strength Indicator 42

Signal-to-Noise Ratio 43

Link Budget 44

Exam Preparation Tasks 45

Review All Key Concepts 45

Definition of Key Terms 45

Chapter 4 WLAN Technologies and Topologies 47

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 47

Foundation Topics 52

General Wireless Topologies 52

WPAN 52

WLAN 53

WMAN 54

WWAN 54

Original 802.11 Topologies 55

Overview of Ad Hoc Networks 55

Network Infrastructure Mode 55

Service Set Identifiers 58

Vendor-Specific Topology Extensions 59

Workgroup Bridges 59

Repeaters 60

Outdoor Wireless Bridges 61

Outdoor Mesh Networks 62

Exam Preparation Tasks 64

Review All the Key Topics 64

Definition of Key Terms 64

Chapter 5 Antenna Communications 67

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 67

Foundation Topics 71

Principles of Antennas 71

Polarization 71

Diversity 71

Common Antenna Types 73

Omnidirectional Antennas 73

Directional Antennas 79

Antenna Connectors and Hardware 89

Attenuators 89

Amplifiers 89

Lightning Arrestors 89

Splitters 90

Exam Preparation Tasks 91

Review All the Key Topics 91

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 91

Definition of Key Terms 91

References in This Chapter 92

Chapter 6 Overview of the 802.11 WLAN Protocols 95

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 95

Foundation Topics 100

The 802.11 Protocol Family Overview 100

The Original 802.11 Protocol 100

The 802.11b Protocol 100

The 802.11g Protocol 101

How 802.11g Interacts with 802.11b 102

The 802.11a Protocol 106

802.11a Power Requirements 107

The 802.11n Protocol 108

Sending Frames 109

Antenna Considerations 109

Exam Preparation Tasks 110

Review All Key Concepts 110

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 110

Definition of Key Terms 110

End Notes 110

Chapter 7 Wireless Traffic Flow and AP Discovery 113

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 113

Foundation Topics 116

Wireless Frame Transmission 116

Wireless Frame Types 116

Sending a Frame 116

Wireless Frame Headers 118

Frame Types 120

Management Frames 121

Control Frames 123

Power Save Mode and Frame Types 124

Frame Speeds 125

A Wireless Connection 125

Exam Preparation Tasks 129

Review All the Key Concepts 129

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 129

Definition of Key Terms 129

Chapter 8 Additional Wireless Technologies 131

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 131

Foundation Topics 134

Cordless Phones 134

Bluetooth 135

ZigBee 135

WiMax 138

Other Types of Interference 140

Exam Preparation Tasks 141

Review All the Key Topics 141

Definition of Key Terms 141

Endnotes 141

References in This Chapter 141

Chapter 9 Delivering Packets from the Wireless to Wired Network 143

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 143

Foundation Topics 147

The Wireless Network Road Trip 147

The Association Process 147

Sending to a Host on Another Subnet 148

Using VLANs to Add Control 153

VLAN Membership Modes 154

Configuring VLANs and Trunks 155

Creating VLANs 156

Assigning Ports to a VLAN 158

Creating Trunk Ports 159

Exam Preparation Tasks 162

Review All the Key Topics 162

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 162

Definition of Key Terms 163

Command References to Check Your Memory 163

End Notes 163

Part II Cisco Wireless LANs 164

Chapter 10 Cisco Wireless Networks Architecture 167

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 167

Foundation Topics 171

The Need for Centralized Control 171

The Cisco Solution 171

APs in the CUWN 172

WLCs in the CUWN 172

Features of the Cisco Controllers 172

Supporting Multiple Networks 173

The CUWN Architecture 174

Client Devices 176

Access Points 176

The 1130AG 177

The 1240AG 178

The 1250 Series AP 178

The 1300 Series AP/Bridge 179

The 1400 Series Wireless Bridge 180

Cisco Access Point Summary 180

Wireless LAN Controllers 181

The Cisco 44xx Series WLC 182

The 3750-G WLC 182

The Cisco 2106 WLC 183

The Cisco WLCM 184

Wireless LAN Controller Summary 185

Wireless Network Management 185

Exam Preparation Tasks 187

Review All the Key Topics 187

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 187

Definition of Key Terms 187

References 187

Chapter 11 Controller Discovery and Association 189

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 189

Foundation Topics 192

Understanding the Different LWAPP Modes 192

LWAPP Layer 2 Transport Mode 193

LWAPP Layer 3 Transport Mode 194

How an LWAPP AP Discovers a Controller 196

How an LWAPP AP Chooses a Controller and Joins It 197

How an LWAPP AP Receives Its Configuration 200

Redundancy for APs and Controllers 201

The AP Is Joined, Now What? 202

Local Mode 203

Monitor Mode 203

Sniffer Mode 203

Rogue Detection Mode 203

H-REAP Mode 204

Bridge Mode 204

Exam Preparation Tasks 205

Review All the Key Topics 205

Definition of Key Terms 205

Chapter 12 Adding Mobility with Roaming 207

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 207

Foundation Topics 210

Understanding Roaming 210

Understanding Mobility Groups 210

Types of Roaming 212

The Layer 2 Roaming Process 215

The Layer 3 Roaming Process 216

Exam Preparation Tasks 221

Review All the Key Topics 221

Definition of Key Terms 221

Chapter 13 Simple Network Configuration and Monitoring with the Cisco

Controller 223

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 223

Foundation Topics 228

Controller Terminology 228

Dynamic Interfaces 228

Static Interfaces 229

Connecting to the Controller 230

Controller Boot Sequence 230

Performing Initial CLI Configurations 232

Performing Initial Web Configurations 235

Navigating the Web Interface of the Controller 235

Configuring the Controller Using the Web Interface 238

Building the Controller Interface 238

Creating the WLAN and Tying It to the Interface 240

Modifying the Security Settings 242

Naming Access Points 243

Restricting Access to Access Points 245

Summary of Controller Configuration Using the Web Interface 247

Monitoring with the Controller 247

General Monitoring 248

Managing Rogue APs 253

Managing Clients 256

Using Internal DHCP 257

Exam Preparation Tasks 259

Review All the Key Topics 259

Definition of Key Terms 259

Chapter 14 Migrating Standalone APs to LWAPP 261

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 261

Foundation Topics 264

Connecting to a Standalone AP 264

Accessing the AP in Autonomous Mode 264

Using the Express Setup and Express Security for Basic Configuration 265

Working with the Web Interface 267

Converting to LWAPP 269

Converting to LWAPP Using the IOS-to-LWAPP Conversion Utility 269

Exam Preparation Tasks 275

Review All the Key Topics 275

Definition of Key Terms 275

Chapter 15 Cisco Mobility Express 277

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 277

Foundation Topics 280

Overview of the Small Business Communication System 280

521 AP 281

526 Wireless Express Controller 281

Comparing the Cisco Mobility Express Architecture to the CUWN

282

Configuring the 521 AP and 526 Controller 282

Using the CLI to Configure the Controller 282

Using the Web Browser to Configure the Controller 287

Using the Cisco Configuration Assistant 288

Exam Preparation Tasks 292

Review All the Key Topics 292

Definition of Key Terms 292

References 292

Chapter 16 Wireless Clients 295

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 295

Foundation Topics 298

Using Windows to Connect to a Wireless LAN 298

Configuring a Profile 298

How the WZC Tool Works 300

Using a Mac to Connect to a Wireless LAN 301

Configuring a Profile 301

How the AirPort Extreme Tool Works 302

Using Linux to Connect to a Wireless LAN 304

Configuring a Profile 305

How the NetworkManager Tool Works 306

Using the ADU to Connect to a Wireless LAN 307

Cisco Wireless LAN Adapters 307

Installing the ADU 308

Configuring a Profile 310

Connecting to Preferred Networks 311

Manually Creating a Profile 312

Managing Profiles 315

Using Diagnostic Tools 315

The ACAU 319

The Cisco Secure Services Client 320

Licensing 320

Installation 321

Configuring Profiles 321

SSC Groups 322

SSCAU Overview 322

The Cisco Client Extension Program 322

Exam Preparation Tasks 323

Review All the Key Topics 323

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memeory 323

Definition of Key Terms 323

Part III WLAN Maintenance and Administration 324

Chapter 17 Securing the Wireless Network 327

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 327

Foundation Topics 331

Threats to Wireless Networks 331

Ad Hoc Networks 331

Rogue APs 331

Client Misassociation 331

Management Frame Protection 332

Wireless Attacks 332

Simple Authentications 334

Open Authentication 334

Preshared Key Authentication with Wired Equivalent Privacy 334

MAC Address Filtering 336

Centralized Authentication 336

802.1x and How It Is Used 338

The EAP Process 340

The Authentication Server 340

EAP-TLS 342

EAP-FAST 343

PEAP 344

LEAP 345

Authentication and Encryption 345

WPA Overview 346

WPA2 Overview 347

Exam Preparation Tasks 350

Review All the Key Topics 350

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memeory 350

Definition of Key Terms 351

References 351

Chapter 18 Enterprise Wireless Management with the WCS and the Location

Appliance 353

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 353

Foundation Topics 358

Introduction to the WCS 358

Installing and Configuring the WCS 358

Administration Options in the WCS 360

Adding Controllers to the WCS 362

Working with Templates 364

Auto Provisioning 367

Maps and APs in the WCS 368

Planning Mode 372

Monitoring with the WCS 376

Exam Preparation Tasks 378

Review All the Key Topics 378

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memeory 378

Definition of Key Terms 379

References 379

Chapter 19 Maintaining Wireless Networks 381

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 381

Foundation Topics 386

Upgrading a Controller 386

Controller Upgrade Approaches 388

Upgrade Using WCS 390

Upgrading an AP 391

Upgrading WCS 392

Managing Configurations 392

Working with AP Configuration Files 398

Resetting the Controller to the Defaults 398

Exam Preparation Tasks 400

Review All the Key Topics 400

Definition of Key Terms 400

References 400

Chapter 20 Troubleshooting Wireless Networks 403

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 403

Foundation Topics 408

Physical Connections and LEDs 408

Common Client-Side Issues 408

Using the CLI to Troubleshoot 410

Using the Controller Interface 417

Using the Controller Logs 418

Using SNMP 420

Configuring the Community Strings 421

Using Tech Support 422

Using WCS Version 5.x to Troubleshoot Clients 423

Using the Cisco Spectrum Expert 423

Exam Preparation Tasks 426

Review All the Key Topics 426

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memeory 426

Definition of Key Terms 427

References 427

Part IV Final Preparation 428

Chapter 21 Final Preparation 431

Tools for Final Preparation 431

Exam Engine and Questions on the CD 431

Install the Software from the CD 432

Activate and Download the Practice Exam 432

Activating Other Exams 433

Cisco Learning Network 433

Study Plan 433

Recall the Facts 434

Practice Configurations 434

Use the Exam Engine 435

Choosing Study or Simulation Mode 435

Passing Scores for the Cisco CCNA Wireless Exams 435

Part V Appendixes 436

Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes 438

Appendix B Memory Tables (on the CD only)

Glossary 450

Index 464