Police in a Multicultural Society: An American Story Book

	Preface	xi
Part 1	The Role of Police	1
1	Multiple Perspectives on the Role of Police	5
	Multicultural Mosaic of U.S. Society	6
	Criminal Justice Education	7
	What Police Do	11
	The Value of Historical Perspective	17
	Conclusion	17
	Notes	18
2	A Historical Analysis of Municipal Policing in the United States	19
	Preindustrial Policing	19
	Industrial Policing	23
	Specifically Tailored Social Control	28
	Modern Policing	32
	Postmodern Policing	40
	Conclusion	46
Part 2	Police-Community Relations	49
3	Underpolicing	53
	White Violence	53
	Radical Reconstruction	54
	Jim Crow	55
	World War I	60
	Red Summer	62
	World War II	62
	The Civil Rights Movement	64
	Underpolicing in Milwaukee	74
	Conclusion	77
	Notes	78
4	Overpolicing	79
	Fear of Rebellion	79
	Regulation of the Poor	81
	Police Harassment and Brutality	84
	Rodney King	91
	Institutionalized Racism	92
	Conclusion	96
5	Police-Community Relations Programs	99
	Critical Events Converge	99
	Innovative Responses to Challenging Situations	101
	Race-Relations Training	103
	Revisited Concepts	105
	A New Urgency	110
	Untenable Relationships	114
	Expectations and Potential Pitfalls	116
	Conclusion	118
	Notes	121
Part 3	Police and Rebellion	123
6	From Slavery to Jim Crow	127
	Early Struggles against Enslavement	127
	The Colonial Period	129
	The United States of America	130
	Political Struggles	139
	Sabotage	141
	Conclusion	146
7	Agitation vs. Accommodation	147
	Conciliation	147
	Opposing Voices	148
	Rebellion in the Streets	149
	Economic Rebellion	151
	New Leaders Emerge	156
	Courtroom Justice	161
	Direct Action and the Mean Streets	161
	Conclusion	163
8	Modern Urban Rebellions	165
	Motivations for Riots as Protests	165
	The Watts Riot	168
	Summer of 1967	173
	Rippling Effects of the Civil Rights Movement	179
	Conclusion	184
9	Rebellion in Los Angeles, 1992	185
	The Role of the Police	185
	Conclusion	201
Part 4	Marginalized Police Officers	205
10	Native American Police Officers	209
	Introduction	209
	Native American Tribal Police	209
	The Occupying Army	210
	The Formation of Tribal Police	212
	Self-determination vs. Social Control	215
	American Indian Policy: 1887-1998	219
	Conclusion	221
11	African American Police Officers	223
	Community Empowerment	224
	Individual Empowerment	232
	The Role of Minority Police Organizations	235
	Social Control	241
	Who Influences Whom?	249
	Conclusion	253
12	Women Police Officers	255
	Police Matrons	255
	Policing Women and Children	257
	The Transformation Begins	259
	The Second Generation of Women Officers	262
	Women on Patrol	263
	Resistance to Women Police	266
	A Hostile Environment	268
	Conclusion	272
13	Gay and Lesbian Police Officers	275
	Multiple Challenges	275
	Coming Out	276
	The Recruitment of Gay and Lesbian Police	282
	Impact of Gay and Lesbian Police Officers	284
	Conclusion	285
	Afterword: Police and Society	289
	Power and Interests	290
	Class	292
	References	297
	Index	305