Commonwealth of Toil Chapters in the History of Massachusetts Workers and Their Unions Book

	Acknowledgments
	Introduction
Pt. I	Workers in the New Commonwealth, 1800-1849	1
1	Working Women and the Factory System in Lowell	5
2	The Boston Bootmakers in the Supreme Judicial Court	12
3	The Movement for the Ten-Hour Day	19
Pt. II	From Slavery to Freedom, 1850-1865	27
4	Frederick Douglass and the Antislavery Movement in Massachusetts	29
5	"Free Labor" Triumphs in the Civil War	37
Pt. III	The Call for Solidarity, 1866-1901	45
6	The Crispins and the Knights of Labor	47
7	The American Federation of Labor	54
8	Irish Immigrants Build Holyoke	61
Pt. IV	Women Workers Struggle for Dignity and Equality, 1902-1919	71
9	The Strike for Bread and Roses in Lawrence	75
10	The Women's Trade Union League and the Telephone Operators	87
Pt. V	From Raw Deal to New Deal, 1920-1939	95
11	Surviving Hard Times	99
12	The Birth of the CIO and the Revival of the AFL	107
Pt. VI	Labor in the Modern Commonwealth, 1940-1955	119
13	Labor in the War Years	121
14	Boston's Packinghouse Workers	130
Pt. VII	New Workers, New Unions, 1956-1980	137
15	Public Employees Organize	139
16	University Workers Adopt New Tactics	146
Pt. VIII	New Challenges, New Strategies, 1981-1995	153
17	Protecting Health and Safety	157
18	Massachusetts Building Trades Fight Back	163
	Notes	173
	Sources	179
	Commonwealth of Toil Advisory Board	184
	Illustration Sources	185
	Index	187