Seacoast Fortifications of the United States: An Introductory History Book

	Preface
	Foreword
	Background: Historical and Technical Rationale	1
	The Defense Tradition	3
	Tactics and Techniques	6
	Colonial Beginnings	14
	Early Systems: Earthworks, Stone Forts, and Muzzle-Loaders	19
	First and Second Systems	21
	Third System	37
	Post-Civil War Interlude	66
	The Modern Era: Concrete, Steel, and Breech-Loading Rifles	73
	Endicott and Taft Periods	75
	World War I and the Post-War Years	100
	The Era of World War II	115
	Seacoast Fortifications: The Remnants and Their Prospects	127
	The Structures	129
	The Weapons	131
	Postscript	133
	Selected Bibliography	137
	App. A - Positions Fortified Under Various Harbor Defense Programs (with Key to Illustrations)	139
	App. B - Characteristics of Principal Seacoast Weapons, 1794-1945	142
	Index	143