Custom LASIK: Surgical Techniques and Complications Book

	Acknowledgments
	Introduction
	Contributing Authors
Ch. 1	From keratomileusis to LASIK	3
Ch. 2	Preparation for surgery	9
2.1	Why LASIK?	38
2.2	Upper limits of LASIK	39
2.3	Properative pachimetry in LASIK	41
2.4	Intraoperative pachimetry	43
2.5	Preoperative pupillometry in LASIK	44
2.6	Training the LASIK surgeon	45
Ch. 3	LASIK surgical instruments and accessories	47
Ch. 4	General LASIK surgical technique	61
4.1	LASIK learning curve	89
Ch. 5	LASIK with a nasal hinge	93
Ch. 6	Down-up LASIK with the Hansatome: personal technique	119
Ch. 7	The Alcon LADARVision Laser and SKBM microkeratome: personal LASIK techniques	151
7.1	Interface irrigation and flap repositioning in LASIK	159
Ch. 8	Complications of LASIK	161
8.1	Thin flaps and Buttonholes	224
8.2	Free caps	226
8.3	Intraoperative epithelial complications	228
8.4	Flap displacement	232
8.5	Managing recurrent epithelial ingrowth	233
8.6	Microbial keratitis following LASIK	234
8.7	Infective keratitis in LASIK	238
8.8	Corneal melting in refractive lamellar surgery	240
8.9	DLK and other forms of keratitis	242
8.10	Infectious keratitis after LASIK	247
8.11	Treating decentered ablations	249
8.12	Treating eccentric ablations	253
8.13	LASIK central islands: spontaneous evolution	255
8.14	Central islands and peninsulas in LASIK	257
8.15	PTK after LASIK	262
8.16	Causes of overcorrection	268
8.17	Differentiating undercorrection, regression and ectasia	269
8.18	Corneal ectasia following LASIK	271
8.19	Night glare and halos	275
8.20	Alteration of the tear film following photoablative refractive surgery	277
8.21	Confocal in vivo microscopy to image complications of laser in situ keratomileusis	282
Ch. 9	Postoperative follow-up	289
9.1	Developing a refractive surgery database and surgical nomogram	294
9.2	Confocal analysis of the cornea after LASIK studying anatomy and thickness	298
9.3	Contract lenses: when and where in LASIK	300
Ch. 10	Enhancement and LASIK in special cases	303
10.1	The art of LASIK enhancement	320
10.2	Recutting a LASIK flap	322
10.3	LASIK on the flap: corneal sparing LASIK	323
10.4	Managing small deep eyes and large bulging eyes with LASIK	325
10.5	Inadequate exposure	327
10.6	LASIK for patients with decentered pupils	330
10.7	LASIK and PRK for patients with nystagmus	332
10.8	LASIK associated dry eye	335
10.9	LASIK for monovision as a correction of presbyopia	343
10.10	Presbyopia and laser in situ keratomileusis	345
10.11	LASIK after phakic IOL implant	347
10.12	LASIK after previous corneal surgery	349
10.13	LASIK after previous radial keratomy	357
10.14	LASIK after penetrating keratoplasty	359
10.15	LASIK after keratoplasty	361
10.16	LASIK in PK	371
10.17	LASIK after epikeratophakia	374
10.18	ICR following LASIK	375
10.19	Homoplastic keratoplasties	382
10.20	PTK and lamellar surgery to treat corneal opacities and scars	386
Ch. 11	The Excimer Laser	391
11.1	Eye trackers	429
11.2	Effective optical zone and visual function	432
11.3	Ablation zone, pupil diameter, requested correction	433
Ch. 12	Abnormal pre-operative topography (with Orbscan) and prognosis for surgery	435
Ch. 13	Optical aberrations of the eye	445
13.1	Optical aberrations	453
13.2	Aberrometry and its role in customized ablation	456
13.3	Variations of the corneal profile and the aberrations induced by the flap in LASIK	462
Ch. 14	Overview of wavefront sensing and custom ablation platforms	469
14.1	The Bausch & Lomb Zywave aberrometer theory, application and results	476
14.2	Super-vision with LASIK surgery	482
14.3	Quality of vision after LASIK	484
14.4	The impact of corneal biomechanics on outcomes in laser refractive surgery	489
14.5	Biomechanical effect of LASIK flap	492
Ch. 15	An introduction to wavefront guided refractive surgery: "custom vision"	497
15.1	Comparing standard LASIK to customized LASIK	508
15.2	Standard versus customized laser ablation	511
Ch. 16	Wavefront guided ablations: the Zyoptix System	515
16.1	Results of Zyoptix wavefront-guided customized ablation in virgin and retreated corneas	521
16.2	The early results of Zyoptix wavefront correction in normal eyes	527
Ch. 17	Clinical results with Alcon LADARWave linked to Alcon LADARVision	531
17.1	Customized corneal ablation (CustomCornea) using LADARVision 4000 system	539
Ch. 18	The Asclepion-Meditec experience with Wavefront sensing	545
Ch. 19	Microkeratomes	555
19.1	Various microkeratomes	588
19.2	Nidek MK-2000 microkeratome	590
19.3	The Innovatome microkeratome	591
19.4	Amadeus microkeratome	593
19.5	Moria microkeratome complications	595
Ch. 20	Disposable microkeratomes: the Flapmaker - Streritome	601
Ch. 21	Carriazo-Barraquer microkeratomes (CB and CB-M2)	603
Ch. 22	The Moria M2 microkeratome and LASIK technique	611
Ch. 23	Visx S-3 ActiveTrak laser in situ keratomileusis technique	621
Ch. 24	LASIK flaps with the femtosecond laser	627
Ch. 25	Hyperopic LASIK	635
25.1	Conductive keratoplasty using the Refractec ViewPoint CK System	643
25.2	Wound healing after hyperopic corneal surgery	645
Ch. 26	Treatment of astigmatism	655
26.1	LASIK: treating on the astigmatism axis	666
26.2	LASIK for mixed astigmatism	668
Ch. 27	Treatment of hyperopic astigmatism	673
27.1	Vector planning for customized LASIK treatment incorporating corneal and optical astigmatism parameters	680
Ch. 28	LASIK correction of irregular astigmatism	685
Ch. 29	Myopic and hyperopic LASIK enhancements	699
29.1	LASIK enhancement following other surgical procedures	709
Ch. 30	Treatment of epithelial ingrowth	717
Ch. 31	Treatment of flap folds and striae following LASIK	725
31.1	Striae on the flap	728
31.2	Prevention and management of corneal flap striae	729
Ch. 32	Avoiding complications: the physiology and pharmacology of LASIK	731
Ch. 33	Diffuse lamellar keratitis: recognition and management	745
Ch. 34	Pearls of my LASIK technique	751
Ch. 35	Phakic intraocular lenses: current trends and complications	759
Ch. 36	Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation and bioptics for extreme refractive errors	777
Ch. 37	Intracorneal lenses in hyperopia	787
Ch. 38	LASIK decentration and treatment	793
	Index	800