Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting Book

	Contributors
	Foreword
	Preface
	Acknowledgments
I	Introduction: the Rationale
1	Biotechnology, the Art of Exploiting Biology	3
II	Microbial Diversity: the Resource
	Preamble	13
2	An Overview of Biodiversity - Estimating the Scale	15
3	Defining Microbial Diversity - the Species Concept for Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microorganisms	29
4	Speciation and Bacterial Phylospecies	40
5	Approaches to Identification	49
6	Eukaryotic Diversity - A Synoptic View	57
III	Microbial Ecology: the Key to Discovery
	Preamble	69
7	How To Look, Where To Look	71
8	Culture-Dependent Microbiology	80
9	Culture-Independent Microbiology	88
10	Resuscitation of "Uncultured" Microorganisms	100
11	Soils - the Metagenomics Approach	109
12	Deep Biospheres	120
13	Earth's Icy Biosphere	130
14	Extremophiles: pH, Temperature, and Salinity	146
15	Extremophiles: Pressure	154
16	Life in Extremely Dilute Environments: the Major Role of Oligobacteria	160
17	Anaerobes: the Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria as an Example of Metabolic Diversity	169
18	Microbes from Marine Sponges: a Treasure Trove of Biodiversity for Natural Products Discovery	177
19	Invertebrates - Insects	191
20	Microbial Symbioses with Plants	204
IV	Biogeography and Mapping Microbial Diversity
	Preamble	213
21	Ubiquitous Dispersal of Free-Living Microorganisms	216
22	Microbial Endemism and Biogeography	225
23	Mapping Microbial Biodiversity Case Study: the Yellowstone National Park Microbial Database and Map Server	232
V	The Paradigm Shift: Bioinformatics
	Preamble	239
24	The Paradigm Shift in Microbial Prospecting	241
25	Genomics	250
26	Bacterial Proteomics	260
27	Phenomics	280
28	Phylogeny and Functionality: Taxonomy as a Roadmap to Genes	288
VI	Prospecting: the Targets
	Preamble	317
29	Sectors and Markets	319
30	Screening for Bioactivity	324
31	Antimicrobials	336
32	Pharmacologically Active Agents of Microbial Origin	356
33	Bioprospecting for Industrial Enzymes: Importance of Integrated Technology Platforms for Successful Biocatalyst Development	375
34	Plant Growth-Promoting Agents	391
35	Biotreatment	397
36	Bioprospecting Novel Antifoulants and Anti-Biofilm Agents from Microbes	405
VII	Conservation of Microbial Gene Pools
	Preamble	415
37	Extinction and the Loss of Evolutionary History	417
38	What Is the Evidence for the Loss of Microbial Diversity?	421
VIII	Convention on Biological Diversity: Implications for Microbial Prospecting
	Preamble	429
39	The Convention on Biological Diversity and Benefit Sharing	431
40	The Historical Context of Present Bioprospecting - Four Cases	440
41	Biodiversity Prospecting: the INBio Experience	445
42	Contracts for Bioprospecting: the Yellowstone National Park Experience	450
43	Natural Products Research Partnerships with Multiple Objectives in Global Biodiversity Hot Spots: Nine Years of the International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Programs	458
IX	Conclusion
44	The Value of Biodiversity	469
	Index	477